Kwiminyaka emibili edlulileyo eUnited States, enye yabantwana abalishumi i-10 yazalwa ngaphambi kokudala , okanye phambi kweveki ezingama-37 zokukhulelwa. Ukususela kule nkcazo yamvanje, kuye kwaba nefuthe elikhulu ukuzama ukunciphisa amazinga okungcoliswa kwemvelo e-US, kodwa i-CDC iyaphawula ukuba kude kube kude, ukusazisa ukuba iinzame zethu zisebenze kuya kuqhubeka kuphakama.
Iintsana ezizalwe kusengaphambili zisengozini enkulu yokujongana nemiphumo embi yempilo kunye neemeko emva kokuzalwa. Ngaphambi kokubeleka umntwana, iphakamileyo amathuba anokuba neengxaki. Ukuba umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kokudinga unonophelo olongezelelweyo kunye nokunyamekela, uya kukwamkelwa kwinqununu yokunakekelwa kwe-neonatal okanye iNICU . Ukuhlala kwi-NICU kuya kuhluka ngoxhomekeke kwimeko yengane kunye neemfuno zempilo, kodwa into enye iqinisekile: Iintsana kwi-NICU zidinga lonke uncedo kunye nokunakekelwa kwezonyango abangazifumanayo.
Ngelishwa, idatha entsha ichaze ukuba akuzona zonke iintsana kwiNICU ezifumana umlinganiselo ofanayo wokunakekelwa kunye nokukhathalelwa kwabasebenzi bezonyango. Isizathu? Uhlanga. Ingxelo entsha ye-American Academy of Pediatrics ibonise ukuba kukho ukungalingani kobuhlanga kwiinkathalo ngaphakathi kwe-NICU. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kuthetha ukuba iintsana ezimhlophe zifumana ingqalelo ngakumbi kunye nokunakekelwa kwezonyango kubasebenzi kunye neengcali, ngelixa iintsana ezingekho mhlophe zifumana unyango olungaphantsi kwezempilo.
Le nyaniso inokukhathazeka ngokugqithiseleyo xa ucinga ukuba inqanaba lokuzalwa kwangaphambili lilinganiselwa kwisiqingatha esiphakamileyo kubafazi abamnyama kunabamhlophe abamhlophe. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ipesenti ephezulu yabantwana abantsundu abazalelwa ngaphambi kokudala kwaye baya kufuna ukunakekelwa okungakumbi ukuze baqalise ebomini. Kodwa kungekhona kuphela abantwana abantsundu abamnyama abazalwa ngaphambi kokukhawuleza, baqhubeka befumana unyango olungonelantsi kwinyango kwiNICU.
Kuqhutywe kabini kwimpilo kunye nekamva.
Uphando
Uphononongo olushicilelwe kwiphepha le-Agasti 2017 lezilwanyana , libheke kwi-18,616 ezincinci ezisezantsi ezibelethwe ngamantombazana (ezichazwe njengeintsana ezinomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwama-1,500 amagremu ekuzalweni). Esinye seziganeko ezenza ukuba unonophelo olungakanani umntwana alufunayo ekuzalweni luba lukhulu kangakanani, ngoko isifundo sifunde kwiintsana ezincinci zokuzalwa ngenxa yokuba zininzi zifuna unonophelo oluninzi. Ukuyibeka ngokufanelekileyo, i-1,500 amagremu ingaphezu kwamapounds amathathu, kwaye isantya esisisigxina esisisigxina sinama-pounds angaphezu kwama-7. Point? Ezi ziintsana ezincinci zazifundiswa.
Uphononongo luhlolisise ukunyamekelwa kwaba bantwana, abaye baphathwa kwii-NICU ezingama-134 kulo lonke elaseCalifornia phakathi ko-2010 no-2014, ngaphezu kweminyaka emine. Abaphandi basebenzisa isilinganiselo esikhethekileyo kunye neenkcukacha eziphezulu ze-9 ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Baby-MONITOR esetyenziselwa ukubeka uhlobo lwenkathalo abantwana abayifumana kwi-NICU. Bafumanisa ukuba iintsana ezingenanto zamaSpeyinti zazingena phezulu kwiimilinganiselo zenkqubo kunye nomlinganiselo xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana bamnyama nabaseSpeyin. Abantwana abamnyama bafumana phezulu kwiimilinganiselo zesiphumo xa befaniswa nabantwana abamhlophe kunye ne-Hispanics bafumana amanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-7 kwezi-9 ezilinganiselweyo.
Ngokukodwa, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abaninzi abantwana baseSpanishi nabamnyama bazalwa kwiintshukumo ezincinci kakhulu kunabantwana abamhlophe kunye nokuba abantwana abantsundu abamnyama bazalwa ngee-Apgar izikolo.
Amantombazana aseSpeyin ayenokuba yinto enokwenzeka ngayo nawaphi na amaqela amantombazana ukuba afune ukudluliselwa kwiziko eliphezulu leNICU emva kokuzalwa. Xa kuthelekiswa neentsana ezimhlophe, abantwana abantsundu nabamaSpeyinzana babengenako ukufumana uncedo oluthile lwezonyango, njengoluphiko lwe-steroid, iimvavanyo zamehlo, kunye nobisi lwesondlo isondlo . Amaqela amabini asebantwaneni ababengabamhlophe nabo banakho amathuba okufumana isifo esibhedlele. Kwakukho, ke, iziphumo ezimbini zempilo ukuba abantwana abantsundu babe namanqaku aphezulu apha: Babengenakukwazi ukufumana iphaphaphu, kwaye babe neerhafu zokukhula, ngokunjalo.
Ukufunyaniswa kwakhona kwabonisa ukuba ukungafani kokunyamekela kwakungekho jikelele; kwezinye izibhedlele ezinonophelo olusenyongweni oluphantsi, iintsana ezimnyama zenza ngcono ngakumbi kunabantwana abamhlophe.
Abazange baqiniseke ukuba kutheni ezinye izibhedlele zibonise amanqaku ahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokubanzi, iintsana zaseSpeyin, ezilandelwa ngabantwana abantsundu zazibonakala zibi kakhulu kunabantwana abamhlophe kwiiNICU. Abaphengululi bafumanisa ukuba ngokubanzi, kwakukho iintsana ezingamaSpanishi kunye nabamnyama abaye baphathwa kwiiNICU eziphantsi, ezingachaza ezinye zokungafani. Kodwa nakwii-NICU eziphezulu, i-disparity ikhona.
Ngokubanzi, le ngxelo ichaze ukuba ukungafani ngokobuhlanga kwiinkathalo ezibhedlele kubakho ixesha elide kwaye kuye kwaba yinjongo yeengcali zonyango ukunciphisa ukungalingani. Ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-NICU, kukho izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke: 1) Abantwana abamnyama nabaseSpanishi abamkelwanga unyango oluphezulu kwi-esibhedlele kunye ne-2) abantwana abaseMnyama nabaseSpanishi banakho amathuba okuhlala kwi-NICU ephantsi. , oku kuthetha ukufikelela okuncinci kwizibonelelo zonyango kunye nabaqeqeshi abaphezulu kunye nabasebenzi. Nangona oogqirha kunye neengcali zonyango abaqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba ungayilungisa njani le ngxaki nje, ekuqapheliseni ukuba ingxaki ikhona kwindawo yokuqala ibalulekileyo isinyathelo sokuqala.
Iziphumo
Uphononongo luphelile ukuba akukho kuphela ulwahlulo lolondolozo lwezokwelapha olusekelwe kwimpawu zobomi kunye / okanye ubuhlanga, kodwa ukungalingani kukukhulu. "Ubuninzi bobuhlanga kunye / okanye ukuhluka kohlanga kumgangatho wolondolozo lukhona phakathi kwe-NICU," abalobi babhala kulolu cwaningo.
Iimeko ezinokungafani ngokobuhlanga zinzulu kwaye zidibene kwaye akuthi "zizinzulu nje," ezenza kube nzima ukulungisa. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana abantsundu banokuthi bazalwe kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo kwezoqoqosho, oko kuthetha ukuba bangaphathwa esibhedlele ngezimali ezingaphantsi okanye abasebenzi abahlawuliweyo abaphantsi okanye abazali babo banokujamelana nemingeni emininzi yempilo, njengokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye ezinye izifo ezinokuthintela ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka . Umba awukona nje olula njengoko uqaphela ukuba kukho ukungafani ngokobuhlanga kwiinkathalo zonyango kodwa ukuphula zonke izinto eziya kuleso sikhala ukuze uzame ukuzisombulula.
I-Takeaway
Njengoko kunzima ukuba kubhekane neziphumo ezivela kulolu cwaningo, lunikeza ingqwalasela ecacileyo ngendlela ukungalingani ngokobuhlanga kunokuchaphazela unyango lwezempilo, kwinqanaba leNICU. Ngona omncinci kunye nabasemngciphekweni kwizigulane, abantwana abasebancinci, bafumana unyango oluncinci xa ulusu lwabo luba mnyama kunamakhwenkwe amantombazana engekafiki. Njengomzali okanye umnakekeli, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele le nkcazo enokubangela ukuba sikwazi ukwenza njengommeli wezonyango. Kukho amandla olwazini, nokuba yinyaniso enqwenela ukuba asizange siyiqonde kwindawo yokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuba ngummeli wezempilo yakho kunye nolwazi lweminye imingeni ekhoyo kwindawo yonyango engabangela umngcipheko kwimpilo yengane yakho, kubandakanywa ukungalingani kobuhlanga kwiinkathalo.
> Imithombo:
> CDC. Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm
> Jochen Inzuzo, uJeffrey B. Gould, uMihoko Bennett, uBenjamin A. Goldstein, DavidDraper, uCiaran S. Phibbs, uHenry C. Lee (2017, uAgasti). Ukwahlukana ngokobuhlanga / ngokobuzwe kwiNICU Umgangatho wokuNikwa kweNtlawulo. Pediatrics . e20170918; INGXELO: 10.1542 / iipeds.2017-0918