Yintoni na kwaye kutheni ingxaki
Ndafunda ngale ngqiqo xa unyana wam wayeselula kwaye ootitshala beqhubeka bexelela ukuba unayo i-ADHD. Ngokuqala umntu wandixelela ukuba mhlawumbi wayeno-ADHD xa wayeneminyaka engama-6 ubudala kunye nebanga lokuqala. Wayengumfundi ozifundisayo yena kunye nexesha ebekuqala kwibanga wayesele efundeka kakuhle , iincwadi zokufunda zenzelwe abantwana abaneminyaka ezisibhozo nangaphezulu. Wayefuna ngamandla ukufunda iincwadi zesayensi esikolweni njengoko wenza ekhaya, kodwa utitshala akayi kuvumela.
Wafuna ukuba afunde okokuqala izinto ezifunekayo aze adlulise iimvavanyo zokuqonda phambi kokuba avunyelwe ukuvula nayiphi na incwadi. Kwakunjengokuhlushwa kuye, kwaye wayenzima kakhulu ukuhlala ecaleni kokufunda kwiibhinki kwirejista emva kokuba wayesazi ukuba unencwadi malunga nemigodi emnyama emlindele ekhaya.
Kamva, xa unyana wam eneminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala, ndandimvavanya ngesazi sengqondo. Xa ndabuyela ukuza kuxubusha iziphumo zokuvavanya naye, sinomxholo ochulumancisayo kakhulu malunga nezingane ezinezipho kunye ne-ADHD. Wayeyindoda yokuqala ukuba ndizise kwingcamango yokuba sasiqala ukuhlakulela ukuziphatha kwezingane eziqhelekileyo. Kwakunjalo ngo-1998. Sifumane indlela ende ukususela ngaloo ndlela, ukufumana iindlela ezongezelelekileyo zokwenza i-pathologize ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo.
Yintoni iPathology and What Does It Mean to Pathologize Behavior?
I-pathology isifundo sezifo. Kwakhona ukuphambuka kwinto eqhelekileyo, into "engavamile." Ukuhlakulela ukuziphatha kubhala ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo njengengxaki, ukuziphatha okufuna ukungenelelo, unyango okanye iziyobisi.
Ngelishwa, le nto abantu abaninzi abakwenzayo ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kubantwana. Ngokomzekelo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abafana abancinci bahlale bengenasiphelo kunye nendawo xa becelwa ukuba bahlale behlala eklasini. Namhlanje, nayiphi na inkwenkwe encinane ekhuselekileyo eklasini ngoku ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza njengokuba i-ADHD.
Nangona abanye abantwana benalo i-ADHD, akuyiyo yonke into eyenziwa ngumntwana okanye ahlale ehleli. Ngendlela efanayo, bonke abantwana abanomdla bayakholelwa ukuba baneengxaki ze-bipolar. Kwakhona, ngelixa abanye abantwana bebonke, abanawo wonke umntwana onomdla. Olu hlobo lokusondeza ukuziphatha ngokuqhelekileyo luqhelekileyo kubantwana abanesakhono kunokuba kubantwana abangenalo izipho.
Yiyiphi indlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha kunye neyiphi i-Pathologized?
Kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuchaza ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo ngokubanzi; Ukuchaza ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kunokuba nzima kunokuba kubakho inkathalo eninzi yabantwana abanesakhono abanokufanisa iimpawu zesifo okanye esinye. I-ADHD mhlawumbi ingxaki eqhelekileyo yokuba abantwana abanesiphiwo esifanelekileyo abanokungafumani kakuhle. Umntwana onobuchule ongahlawulwanga kwigumbi lokufundela uya kudla ngokusebenza kwaye ukwenza okuthile kungenziwa ngokomzimba. Umntwana unako ukutshitshisa kwaye uxoxe. Uya kubonakala enzima ukugxila kunye nokunyamekela. U no kuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, xa umntwana enikezelwa ngumngeni ofanelekileyo, iziphatho ziyabonakala, ngamanye amaxesha ngobusuku. Ngelishwa, izikolo zingafuni ukubonelela ngomsebenzi onzima, zikhankanya izizathu ezinjengokuthi "ukungavali" okanye ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi osele usinikeziwe.
Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo kodwa ezingaqondwanga kakuhle zabantwana abanesipho zibandakanya iimvakalelo zabo.
Abantwana abanikiweyo banokunyamekela ngokwemvakalelo, kwiimpawu zikaDabrowski, ukunyamekela ngokomzwelo okanye ukunyamekela. Oko kuthetha ukuba xa bebuhlungu, badabuka gqitha, kwaye xa bevuyisiwe, bayavuya kakhulu. Okukhokelela abantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuba abantwana abanjalo bipolar. Akunjalo. Baxineke kakhulu - baziva izinto kakhulu.
Olunye lwezakhono eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kubantwana abaninzi abanesiphiwo sinobukhulu benyama. Abantwana abanokuxhatshazwa kakhulu banokukhathazeka ngeengxolo eziphakamileyo okanye iintambo kwiisokisi zabo, okanye ukuthungwa kwezinto ezithile zokutya. Ngenxa yokuba bangasabela ngokukodwa kulolu hlobo lwempembelelo yenyama, bahlala bengathatyathwa njengokuba ne-SPD (i-Disord Processing Disorder).
Le nkcazo ibonakala ichaza abantwana abanesiphiwo ngobuninzi bemvelo: "Omnye umntu onomdla we-SPD unokuphendula ngokuvakalelwa kwaye athathe iingubo, udibaniso lomzimba, ukukhanya, isandi, ukutya, okanye enye ingcamango yokunyamekela." Ukuba umntwana wakho unalo ukukhathazeka, ungabona ukuba ubeka izandla zakhe ezindlebeni zakhe kwi-movie yeshashalazi, okanye uthatha iisokisi zakhe ngenxa yokuba uyazonda ukuvakalelwa kweemigangatho, okanye udonsa kwietaki emva kweekhati zakhe okanye uyala ukutya ukutya othile ngenxa yokuthungwa okanye ukuvumba.
Abaninzi abanabantwana abanesipho banokuphelela. Abafuni nje ukwenza konke ngokwabo ngokugqibeleleyo, banokulindela abanye ukuba baphelele. Ngoko ke, banokulungisa umfundisi owenze iphutha. Injongo yabo ayiyikuphikisa utitshala, kodwa ukulungisa ulwazi. Oku akuyekanga abanye abantu ukuba bangabanga ukuba umntwana onjalo une-ODD-Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Okanye umntwana onokuzikhethela ukuphelela kungenza ukuba afune yonke into ngendlela efanelekileyo: yonke into ehlelwe ngumfanekiso okanye umbala okanye ubungakanani. Ukuba nokuziphatha kunokukhokelela abanye abantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuba umntwana unomsebenzi we-OCD-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Kutheni Kutheni Ingxaki Yokuxilongwa?
Abanye abantu bandixelele ukuba ukuxilonga akukhathazeki kuba, bakholelwa, umntwana uya kufumana unyango "ukuziphatha" kwengxaki. Enyanisweni, abanye abazali bafuna ukuxilongwa kwengqondo ngenxa yokuba xa umntwana enesinye, ufanelekele i-IEP (iSicwangciso seMfundo ngamnye). Ekubeni i-IEP kufuneka yenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana ngamnye, imfuneko yomsebenzi onzima kunokuba ifakwe kwiindawo zokuhlala ezenzelwe ukufunyanwa "ukukhubazeka."
Le ndlela inemiphumo emininzi. Ngenye, unyango luvame ukungasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwazo zonke, abantwana abaneemfuno badinga indawo ekhethekileyo yokuhlala ejoliswe ngokukodwa ngamakhono abo, njengokuba nayiphi na imfuno ekhethekileyo yomntwana. Nakuphi na unyango olwenziwe ukulungiselela imeko engumntwana ongenayo ngexesha lokungazihoxisi iimfuno ezisekelwe ekunikeni kwakhe isipho ayikwazi ukusebenza.
Enye iphoso kukuba ezinye zezifo zifumana unyango olubandakanya iziyobisi. Oku kuyinyaniso kwi-ADHD apho uRitalin edlalwa khona. URitalin uyisicatshulwa seklasi yesi-2, oko kuthetha ukuba yinto ehlambalaza, njenge-cocaine. Akunalo ngaphandle kweengozi, ngoko kutheni unikezela loo mntwana kumntwana ukuba aphathe imeko engenayo?
Iphutha lokugqibela le ndlela kukuba utshela umntwana ukuba okokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo akuqhelekanga. Kufana nokunyanga umntwana ukuba abe namehlo aluhlaza. Kunokuba uncede umntwana aziqonde yena, uxelela umntwana kukho into engalunganga kuye. Ukuba umntwana unayo enye yeemeko, ngoko siyafuna ukumbona efumana uncedo. Ukuba nekhono alenzi umntwana ukuba abe ne-immune ukuba neyodwa yezi zikhubazo, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe ukuxilongwa ngokucophelela. Oku kuyinyani ngokuqinisekileyo kuba ukuxilongwa kuya kulandelwa umntwana ukuhamba esikolweni nakubomi bakhe bonke. Emva kokuba oko kuxilongwa kwenziwa, kunzima ukuyilahla. Kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukujongana nemicimbi yinyani umntwana onobuchule unxulumene nezipho zakhe. Sonke sifanele sifune okulungileyo kumntwana ngamnye, kwaye kubandakanya bonke abantwana abanezakhono.