Ukuba nosana lixesha elikhethekileyo lobomi bomfazi. Yisikhathi sokufumanisa - ukufunda konke malunga nobuntu bakho bomntwana ukucinga oko umntwana wakho akufunayo kunye neemfuno. Oomama abaninzi abatsha bazifumana behamba ngendlela yokuncelisa. Phakathi kwaloo nwaba, ulawulo lokuzalwa lube yinto edelelekileyo engqondweni yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuba unqwenela ukongeza umzalwana okanye udade okongezelelweyo kwiintsapho ezithoba kwii-9, kubalulekile ukuba ungayigxina iimfuno zakho zokulawula ukuzalwa.
Xa kuziwa ekunceliseni kunye nokulawulwa kokuzalwa, unina omtsha unokukhetha okuninzi lokukhusela ukuba ukhethe. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba ungakholelwa inkolelo yokuba awukwazi ukukhulelwa ngelixa uncelisa. Nangona ukunyamezela kungabonwa njengendlela yolawulo lokuzalwa, kukho imimiselo ethile ekufuneka ihlangane ukuze iphumelele. Kubonakala ngathi abaninzi abafazi abacinga ukuba bavelisa kwakhona baze bafumane ixesha lokuqala emva kokubeletha. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba uya kuguqula ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ixesha lakho. Ukuba unesondo esingakhuselekanga malunga nexesha lokuvuthwa kwakho, unokukhulelwa kwakhona. Yingakho ukusebenzisa ixesha lakho njengesalathisi sokuzala akuyona ingcamango efanelekileyo. Emva kokuba ufunde malunga nokukhethwa kolawulo lokubeletha olulandelayo, luhlala luluvo olufanelekileyo ukuthetha nodokotela wakho ukuba anqume ukuba ngubani na onokufanelana nawe.
Izinketho zokulawula ukubeletha ziwela kwiindidi ezine: iindlela ze-progestin-kuphela ze-hormonal, iindlela ezingekho ze-hormonal, iindlela zendalo kunye nezindlela ezizeleyo. Zonke iindlela ezilandelayo zokulawula ukuzalwa zibhekwa njengekhuselekile ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuncelisa.
Iindlela zeProgesin-Zodwa:
Izithintelo zokukhulelwa kweprogesin kuphela ziindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa kwe-hormonal ezifuna isigqirha kumgqirha wakho. Nangona iprogesin ingangena ubisi bakho, ayiyi kubangela naluphi na umonakalo umntwana wakho okanye ibangele ukuveliswa kwemveliso yobisi. Ezi ndlela zenza ukuba zisebenzise ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela ezingekho ze-hormonal.
I pilisi yeMini
Le yipilisi yokulawula iprogramin kuphela. Ngokungafani nenye indlela, iipilisi ezidibeneyo, ipilisi ye-mini ayinayo nayiphi i-estrogen. Ezi pilisi ziya kwipakethi yeentsuku ezingama-28, ngoko zonke iipilisi nganye kwiipakethi zeveki nganye ezine-progestin (azikho iipilisi ze-placebo).
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Nexplanon
Oku kwaziwa nangokuthi ukuveliswa kokukhulelwa. I-Nexplanon yinguqulelo entsha ye-Implanon njengoko umvelisi ephucula i-Implanon ngokukhawuleza. Ukufakela oku kufutshane, kwiplastiki kufakwe phantsi kwesikhumba kwisandla. Ihlala ikhupha umthamo ophantsi weprogesin ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu kwaye inikezela ukukhuselwa kokukhulelwa ngeli xesha lonke. Implanon okanye i-Nexplanon ingasuswa nanini na ixesha ngeli xesha leminyaka emithathu.
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Depo Provera
Le ndlela yokulawula ukuzalwa yilejojoyi ekhupha ngokukhawuleza i-progesin kwi-bloodstream yakho kwixesha leveki ezili-11 ukuya kwe-14. Ngoko, ukhuselwe ukukhulelwa ngeli xesha. Kubalulekile ukuba ufumane ijoyi yeDepo Provera elandelayo echanekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba usebenze kakuhle.
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IMirena okanye i-Skyla
Ezi zi-IUD ezikhupha inani elincinci leprogesin ngaphezu kwexesha eli-3 okanye eli-5 leminyaka. Kumele afakwe kwaye asuswe ngugqirha wakho. Zombini zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zingathathwa ngaphandle naxa.
- IMirena
- Skyla
Izindlela ezingekho kwiHormonal:
Ngaphandle kwemibandela embalwa, le ndlela yokulawula ukubeletha iyafumaneka kwi-counter-counter. Zininzi zibhekwa njengendlela "yokuthintela" ekubeni zisenza njengodonga oluvimbela isidoda ukuba lukwazi ukufikelela kwiqanda.
Iikomso zomntu
Iikhondom ziya kwiintlobo ezininzi, ubukhulu, kunye nezinto (ezifana ne-latex, i-polyurethane, i-lambskin okanye i-polyisoprene). Indoda isebenzisa ikhondom ukuze igubungele ipeni ngaphambi kwayo, ngexesha nangemva kokunyuka. Nangona ezinye iikhondom ziza kuqala, ezinye iimazi zancancisayo zinganamazinga aphantsi angama-estrojeni, anokubangela ukuma komzimba. Ukuba ufumene ukuba ukusebenzisa ikhondom kukucaphukisa isisu sakho, ungakhetha ukongeza ezinye iiblue (njenge-Astroglide okanye i-Wet Naturals).
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Ikondom ya bafazi
Le ndlela yolawulo lokuzalwa iqukumbela eyenziwe kwi-polyurethane eneendandatho eziguquguqukayo ekupheleni kwayo. Ubamba umlenze kwaye awuvumeli isidoda singene emzimbeni wakho. Kungathatha isenzo esincinane sokufunda indlela yokufaka kakuhle ikhondom yabesifazane uze uzive ukhululekile usebenzisa enye.
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Spermicide
I-Spermicides ivela kwiifom ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokusemthethweni isebenza ngendlela efanayo - i-spermicides ifakwe kwi-right right to vaginal right before sex; Baya kuncibilika okanye batyumbe ukuze benze umqobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe i-nonoxynol-9, okuyi-spermicide eyenza i-immobilize kwaye / okanye ibhubhise isibindi.
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Namhlanje iSiponge
I siponti yinkqubo ejikelezayo, i-foam ene-linlon ene-attachment ye-nylon yokususwa. Ikhusela umlomo wesibeleko (ukuvulwa kwesibeletho), ngoko isityalo singakwazi ukungena. Kwakhona ikhupha isidlo se-spermicide esinokumisa isidoda ekubhukuda. Ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo lwe-anatomy yakho, kunye nolunye uhlobo, lunokwenza kube lula kuwe ukuba ufunde indlela yokufaka isiponji.
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Isifayili
I-diaphragm (okanye enye enye encinci, ikhefu lomlomo wesibeleko) iyisisithintelo somqobo. Ezi azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kude kube neiveki ezintandathu ukususela ekuzaleni kwakho. Bobabini i-diaphragm kunye nekhanda lomlomo kufuneka lifakwe nogqirha wakho. Zifakwe kwisini kwaye zivimbele umlomo wesibeleko. Zombili zisetyenziselwa i-spermicidal cream ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo sitshintshe isidoda kunye nekrimu iyayikhupha.
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ParaGard
Le yi-hormone free IUD. Ubhedu buhlanganiswe ngedivayili kwaye bufakwe ngugqirha wakho. I-ParaGard inikeza iminyaka eyi-10 yokukhusela ukukhulelwa kodwa ingasuswa nanoma yiphi na into ngaphambi kokuba iminyaka eyi-10 iphakanyiswe.
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Izindlela zemvelo:
Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba iindlela zokuziphatha, ezi ndlela zokulawula ukubeletha azixhomeki nakuphi na amacebo okanye amahomoni. Izindlela zemvelo ziquka iimpawu ozenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo ukukunceda ukukhusela ukukhulelwa.
Ukusabalala okuqhubekayo (Indlela yeLactational Amenorrhea)
Ukuba kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, i-LAM ikwazi ukuhlaziya i-ovulation kwiinyanga ezilisithandathu emva kokubeleka-ngoko ukuba akukho nqanda ekhutshwayo, ayikho into yokuba isidoda izalise. Ukunyamezela okuqhubekayo kuyasebenza ngoba ihomoni edala ukuvelisa ubisi iphinde ikhuphe ukukhutshwa kwehomoni ebonisa ukuvuthwa. A
Khumbula, nangona kunjalo: akufanele uxhomekeke kule ndlela ngeenyanga ezili-6 okanye ukuba uye waba nexesha ukususela ekuzaleni. Kwakhona, i-LAM isebenza kuphela xa uncelisa umntwana wakho ubuncinane amaxesha ama-6 ngosuku kunye nezibilini zombini kwaye ungayifaki enye into yokutya ubisi lwebele. Kumele uncelise umntwana wakho rhoqo emva kweeyure ezingama-4 ngelixa kunye neeyure ezingama-6 ebusuku.
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UkuCwangciswa koBuchule beNdalo (NFP)
Iindlela ze-NFP zithembele ekujongeni ukutshintsha kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ukuchonga xa i-ovulation ivela. Ziquka iindlela ezisekelwe kwizibonakaliso (njengendlela yeBillings) kunye neendlela zesekhalenda (njengeNkqubo yeeNqanaba eziMgangatho). Nangona kungekho mgaqo othi i-NFP ayikwazi ukuthathwa njengento yokukhetha ukubeletha ngokubeletha, iNational Health Organisation iyaqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqwashisa izityalo kungabonakali kangangoko kubhinqa besondlo. Kunconywa ukuba ulinde ukuthembela kwiinketho ze-NFP uze uqalile ukuqaphela izibonakaliso zokuzala (ezifana ne-cervic mucus), ubuncinane ubuncinane bexesha eli-post-partum, kwaye sele uqalile ukufaka ubisi lwebele kunye nezinye ukutya.
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Izinketho ezingapheliyo:
Ukuba uyazi ukuba lo mntwana uyokugqibela, unokuhlala ucinga ngokukhethwa kokusisigxina njengoko ukhetho lwakho lokubeletha lokubeletha. Khumbula, ukutshabalalisa kufuneka kucatshangwe njengokusisigxina kwaye kungabuyiselwa. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba "i-hormonal" ngelixa uncelisa okanye ufumana naluphi na uxinzelelo lwe-postum, ungathanda ukuyeka ukugqiba isigqibo sokufuna ukulawula ngokusisigxina kuze kube yindawo ovakalelwa kuyo xa unesiqinisekiso sokwenza oku kukhetha.
Inzalo yeSetyhini
Izindlela ezingapheliyo kwabasetyhini ziquka iinkqubo zendabuko, zokucwangcisa izibhedlele ze-tubal ligation-ngokuqhelekileyo zibhekiswa njengezibhanki zakho eziboshelwe. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-tubal ligation idinga i-anesthesia, leyo ingadlula ubisi lwakho lwentlungu kwaye inokuchaphazela umntwana wakho (ngokugqithiseleyo ukuguqa okungabangela ubunzima ngokutya).
Enye inketho egxininisiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Essure. Le yindlela engeyiyo yokupakisha kwi-tubal ligation kwaye ayifuni i-anesthesia. Zombini iinkqubo zisebenza ngokutywinwa okanye ukuvimba izibhabhane ze-fallopian. Ngale ndlela, amaqanda akakwazi ukuhamba kwisibeleko kunye nesidoda asikwazi ukungena kwiibhulo ezinqabileyo ukuze kufinyelele iqanda.
Kaninzi
Vasectomy
Ukuzaliswa komzimba wesilisa akusithinteli ekunceliseni. Emva kwe-vasectomy, umzimba womntu usaqhuba isisu, kodwa ayiyi kubakho nantoni na. Amadoda angakhetha phakathi kwe-vasectomies yendabuko apho kukhonjiswa okuncinci kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-scrotum okanye ngaphandle kwe-scalpel vasectomy apho ugqirha ogqithisa khona ulusu, ngoko ke akukho zigqibo ezenziwe.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuLungiswa kwezoNyango zase-US zokuSebenza ngokuNyango, ngo-2010 . I-MMWR Ukukhutshwa kokuqala kwe-2010; 59 uMeyi 28: 1-86.
Riordan, J. & Wambach, K. (2009). Ukuxiliswa kunye nokuLawulwa kwabantu . Sudbury, MA: Jones kunye noBartlett.
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