Ngokuxhomekeke kubani ocelayo, uxinezeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa liba ngumngcipheko wokungabikho komzimba kunye nokuzalwa komntwana okanye ingqina eliqinileyo lokuba uxinzelelo olunxulumene nokulahleka kokukhulelwa. Inyaniso yindawo ethile phakathi.
Ngaba Unokugxininiswa Ngethuba Lokukhulelwa?
Iindaba zakudala zabafazi sele zidibanisa iimeko ezimbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwimiphumo engaqhelekanga, kodwa ingcamango yokuba ukuxinezeleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuya kuthintela umntwana usenokwenziwa kwisayensi.
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nomngcipheko weziphumo ezivela ekuphumuleni komntwana ukuya kwiinkalo zempilo kunye nokufunda kumntwana, kodwa abaphandi abavumelani ngokuqinisekileyo malunga nokuba zeziphi iziphumo zithetha.
Imvelaphi
Kunzima ukufunda nokuvavanya uxinzelelo njengento ebangela ukulahleka. Ngokuqinisekileyo, wonke umntu uvakalelwa kwinqanaba lexinzelelo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Kubonakala ngathi yinxalenye yomntu. Kwaye zonke iinkqubo zomntu ezixinezela ngokwahlukileyo. Ukucaphukiswa komntu omnye kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kwelinye.
Xa ukhulelwe, oku kunjalo. Wonke umfazi okhulelweyo unxunguba ubuncinci ngexesha lokukhulelwa, nokuba ngaba ukhulelwe okanye malunga nezinye izinto zobomi. Abanye bayakhathazeka kakhulu . Oku kuye kwenzeka kakhulu ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha, kodwa uninzi lwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo bazala abantwana abasempilo.
Xa uqala ukuthetha ngongcinezelo njengento ekukhuseleni ukukhulelwa, kulula ukujonga emva kwakho kwaye ugqibe ekubeni unesisu ngenxa yokuba ugxininisekile-oko kunokukhokelela ekuzibetheni, ngokukodwa kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo .
Kulula nakwabanye abantu ukuba benze oku kwaye bakuchaze ukuba awunakuze uphelelwe umva okhumbule "ukuphumla nokuvumela izinto ukuba zenzeke." Oku, oku, kukhokelela kwingcinezelo engakumbi ngokukhathazeka malunga nendlela yokuyeka ukukhathazeka.
Iingcamango
Iingcamango ziyahluka malunga nokuba kutheni ukuxinezeleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuthintela umntwana, kodwa ezinye ziphambili nge-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-cortisol.
I-Cortisol idla ngokuphakanyiswa kubantu abaziva bexinezelekile. Okunye ukuphakama kuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kodwa ngaphezu kweziphakamiso eziphezulu kunokudibaniswa nokukhulelwa komzimba. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba le cortisol ephakamileyo inokuwela i-placenta kwaye iphazamise intuthuko.
Ngophando luka-2008, abaphandi babephatha i-Question-General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) ye-12 ye-General-Health Questionnaire (GHQ) malunga nokuxinwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba abafazi babika amanqanaba aphezulu okuxinzeleleka kubonakala benomngcipheko ophezulu we-80 wokuzalwa komntwana xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abaneengxaki eziphakathi. Ulungiso kunye nezinye iindidi ezinje, ezifana nobudala bomama okanye iingozi zempilo, azizange zitshintshe iziphumo.
Ukongeza, uphando olwenziwa ngo-2006 lufumene ubungqina bokuba amazinga e-cortisol anyuke ngaphezu komyinge wokukhulelwa ayenomngcipheko ophezulu wokukhulelwa kwesisu , njengakwiiveki zokuqala ezintathu emva kokukhulelwe. Uphando lwe-2002 lwaludibanisa nokudakumba njengokuba yingozi yobunzima bokungabikho kwamathambo angaphantsi kwabesetyhini ababenokulahleka kwamathambo okuphindaphindiweyo .
Ukujonga ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, okuyiyona nto ingengozi yokulahleka kweentsana, uvavanyo lwango-2003 luhlolisise abafazi abangama-1,962 kwaye lwafumanisa ukuba abo babika amaninzi okuxhalaba bekunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nokuzalwa okuzayo.
Ezinye izifundo zaye zafumana iziphumo ezifanayo ezibonisa uxinzelelo njengomngcipheko wokuzalwa kokuzalwa kwangaphambili kunye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincinane , kunye neziphumo ziyahlukahluka kwinqanaba lexinzelelo kunye nexesha leziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-2003 kufumanise ukuba ukuxinezeleka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kwakunokwenzeka ukuba kudibaniswe "nesigxina esifushane."
Amanqanaba eCortisol yindlela enye apho uxinzelelo lungaba negalelo kumathambo. Ezinye ziquka umphumo wokuxinezeleka kumsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, ngelixa abanye banokucinga ngamanqanaba e-neurotransmitters engqondweni.
Ubungqina obunxulumene noxinzelelo phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwabantu
Akusiyo yonke isifundo ejongene noxinzelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa lifumene ubungqina bekhonkco ngokukhulelwa komzimba.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-1998 alufumananga mngcipheko okhuselekileyo kwabasetyhini abaphakanyisile i-cortisol kunye nabanye abamakishi be-hormone abachaphazelekayo.
Olunye uphando lwango-2003 lufumene ukuba abafazi ababeka uxinzelelo oluphezulu ekukhulelweni kwasekuqaleni babengenayo ingozi ephezulu yokukhulelwa kwesisu xa bejonga ingcinezelo yedwa, kodwa isifundo safumanisa ukuba abafazi basengxakini babenokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezifana ne-cigarettes kunye ne-marijuana, enokuba yingozi izinto zokungahambi kakuhle ngokuzimela.
Ngale ngcingweni engqondweni, umntu unokuthetha ukuba ukudibanisa ngqo phakathi kokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa komzimba akuqondanga ngokupheleleyo okanye kwamkelwa.
Apho ibeka khona
Okwangoku, akukho namnye okwazi ukuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba "uxinzelelo lubangele ukulahleka kwamathambo," kodwa kubonakala ngathi akuchanekanga ukutsho ukuba inkolelo yokuba ukunyamezela kungabangela ukulahleka kokukhulelwa . Inyaniso kukuba kungenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kunokudibaniswa nokuphuphuma kwesisu kodwa ubungqina abucacanga kakhulu ukufikelela kwizigqibo.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhathazeka kwimihla ngemihla kunye nokukhathazeka, njengokukhathazeka ngemali yakho okanye ukuchitha ixesha ekusebenzeni, kuya kuba nefuthe ekukhulelweni, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba amanqanaba angundoqo okuxinzezeleka angabangela ukulahleka kwesisu okanye ukulahlekelwa emva koko. Ngokomzekelo, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ngokungalindelekanga ngexesha lokuhla kwezomnotho ukususela ngo-1995 ukuya ku-2009 eDenmark kwahlanganiswa nomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhulelwa okuphelela ekutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unxibelelwano kunye nokukhulelwa kwesisu, uxinzelelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa lunokuchaphazela umntwana ngezinye iindlela kwaye kuseloko kuluvo olufanelekileyo ukwenza ulawulo lwexinzelelo lube luphambili ebomini bakho. Ukuxinezeleka kungenakukhunjulwa kubantu abaninzi, ngokukodwa xa ujongana nento enjenge- infertility okanye i-miscarriages ephindaphindiweyo, kodwa ingaba yinto efanelekileyo ukujonga ukwenza konke onokunako ukunciphisa uxhalaba lwakho kwaye ukhumbule izinto. Ngokwenza njalo, unokuphucula iziganeko zakho zokukhulelwa okunempilo kunye nempilo yakho yonke. Ukubeka nje, akukho nciphisa ukubandakanya ukuphumla okungakumbi kunye nokujongana naluphi na uxhaphazo oluxhalabisa olunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi.
Ulawulo lwexinzelelo lwabafazi abakhulelweyo
Kukho iingcinezelo ezinokuthi zithinteke xa zikhulelwe, kodwa oko esinokukwenza kukutshintsha indlela 'esinokuyenza ngayo' uxinzelelo. Enyanisweni, kubonakala ngathi kwezinye zezifundo ezikhankanywe ukuba "ziqondwe" ukuxinezeleka kunokuba iziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo ezibandakanyeka nokulahleka.
Ubungcali bokujonga imeko ekhanyeni olutsha ukuze lube nolwazi ngendlela eyahlukeneyo lubhekiselwa "njengengcamango yokucinga." Ukuhlaziywa kwengqondo kuyindlela yokujonga ngokugqithisileyo iglasi igcwele isigxina kunokuba isiqingatha singenanto. Ngokomzekelo, unokwenza umfanekiso wabasetyhini ababini abahlukeneyo beza kwi-chemotherapy kunye neziyobisi ezibangelwa ukulahleka kweenwele. Elinye ibhinqa lingayifumana ngokukhawuleza ukunyamezela ukulahlekelwa iinwele entloko. Enye, ngokurhoxisa, ingagxininisa kwelinye leenzuzo-kungadingeki ukuba ikhwebe imilenze yayo inyanga eziliqela. Ukurhoxisa kuthatha umgudu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka "uyenze uze uyenze" -ukuthi ungadinga ukujonga iinjongo ngokubhaliweyo nangona ivakalelo zakho zibonisa iingxaki.
Thatha ixesha lokufunda ubuchule bokulawula uxinzelelo, iindlela ezingenakunceda ukunciphisa ingozi yokuxinwa xa ukhulelwa kodwa kunokukunceda ukuba uphile impilo enempilo ngokomzimba nangokomzimba kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo zobomi bakho.
Imithombo:
Bruckner, T., Mortensen, L., kunye no R. Catalano. Ukulahleka kokunyamekela kweDesignancy eDenmark emva kokuhlaselwa koqoqosho. I-American Journal ye-Epidemiology . 2016. 183 (8): 701-8.
Brunton, P. Imiphumo yokubonakalisa kwabamama kwiinkxalabo zentlalo ngexesha lokukhulelwa: iziphumo kuMama kunye neNzala. Ukuzaliswa . 2013. 146 (5): R175-89.
Kolte, A., Olsen, L., Mikkelsen, E., Christiansen, O., noH. H. Nielsen. Ukuxinezeleka nokuxinezeleka Kwengqondo kuPhakamileyo kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini abaneNqununu yokuLawula. Ukuzaliswa kwabantu . 2015. 30 (4): 777-82.
Wainstock, T., Lerner-Geva, L., I-Glasser, S., Shoham-Vardi, I., kunye no-E. Anteby. Ukuxinezeleka kokubeleka komntwana kunye nobungozi bokukhipha isisu. Iingcali zengqondo . 2013. 75 (3): 228-35.
Xu, A., Zhao, J., Zhang, H. et al. Ukulahleka okungaqhelekanga okuchazwa yi-Stress / Glucocorticoid / Lipoxin A4 Axis. Journal of Immunology . 2013. 190 (12): 6051-8.