Fumana apho Umi khona
Ubomi, inkululeko kunye nexesha nabazukulwana. Kwabaninzi nootatomkhulu, oku kufuneka kube ngamalungelo alondoloziweyo. Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba oogogo nomkhulu kuzo zonke iindawo ezingama-50 banamalungelo athile ngokuphathelele abazukulwana, loo malungelo aqhelekanga njengokuba azinzileyo okanye ngokucacileyo njengoko ootatomkhulu bacinga ukuba kufuneka babe. Kungenxa yokuba imimiselo yokutyelela ootatomkhulu iyinxalenye yomthetho kaRhulumente.
Kutheni akufanelekanga into ebaluleke kangaka ukuba iqinisekiswe kumthetho wesigqeba? Kungenxa yokuba uMgaqo-siseko awuthetheli umthetho weentsapho; loo ndawo sele igcinwe kwiindawo. Ekubeni abameli bombuso kwilizwe ngalinye beyayifumana imisebenzi yabo eyahlukileyo, imithetho ehambelanayo yokuvakatyeka oomkhulu kakhulu ayinakwenzeka.
Umnatha wemithetho ethile yelizwe mhlawumbi yayisebenza kakuhle iminyaka, xa iintsapho zazihlala kwindawo ezincinane. Ayisebenzi kakuhle ngoku xa iintsapho zichithwa kulo lonke uhlanga.
Kutheni uhambo lokuvakatyezwa koMntakwabo ogqithisileyo luyinkimbinkimbi
Imithetho malunga namalungelo omkhulu oomkhulu ahluka kakhulu ukusuka kummandla ukuya kummandla. Oko kuthetha ukuba oomkhulu noomkhulu ekufuneni ulwazi kufuneka benze uphando oluthile lombuso, emva kokugqiba ukuba yiliphi igunya elilawulayo. (Ngokuqhelekileyo imeko apho abazukulwana bahlala kuyo.)
Emva kokuba ootatomkhulu bafumene kwaye befunda imithetho efanelekileyo yelizwe, kufuneka baqwalasele nomthetho wecala, uchazwa njengezigqibo zenkundla ezenza ukutolika okutsha kwemimiselo.
Umntu ohlola kuphela umthetho ngaphandle kokufunda amatyala athile ufumana isigxina somfanekiso kuphela.
Umthetho kaRhulumente weSizwe
Isishwankathelo somthetho kaRhulumente esilandelayo, zibhalwa kumzamo wokunciphisa kunye nokwenza lula imithetho. Inqaku ngalinye lidibanisa nemimiselo esemthethweni karhulumente, kunye noogogo nomkhulu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bafunde imimiselo ngokwenene.
Imimiselo yamazwe ahlukeneyo agcinwa kwiinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zeenkcukacha zolwazi azisebenzisi kakuhle, kwaye i-glitches zenzeka rhoqo. Ezinye iinkcukacha ziza kuvumela ukhonkco kwicandelo elithile elikhankanywe. Ezinye iinkcukacha zidibanisa kuphela kwiphepha eliphambili okanye kwitafile yezinto eziqulethwe. Kule meko, abasebenzisi baya kufuna ukujonga amanani omthetho anikezelweyo.
Imithetho yokutyelela abantu abasemagqatsheni ekutshintshisayo iya kutshintshwa, nangona ingasondelanga rhoqo. Amanye amaqela omalungelo omkhulukazi aququzelele ukusebenzela ukuphucula ukufikelela kubazukulu. Kodwa ke, kubalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamanyano amalungelo omzali ezama ukuqinisa isikhundla sabazali. Ngako-ke amaninzi amabhilidi acetywayo afe ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumthetho. Sekunjalo, oogogo nomkhulu abazama ukuqonda imimiselo yombutho othile kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba banokufikelela kwinguqu yakutsha.
- I-Alabama inomthetho omtsha, udluliselwe ngo-2016, kodwa iimfuno zokutyelela zizinzileyo.
- Umthetho we-Alaska unika iindlela ezimbini zokutyelela, kodwa enye ilula kakhulu.
- Umthetho wase-Arizona ubhala izinto eziza kuqwalaselwa ekunqumeni iimfuno zabazukulu.
- Umthetho wase-Arkansas ufuna ukuba ootatomkhulu bahlangabezane nemigangatho ekhuselekileyo yokutyelela, kubandakanywa nenqanaba elibi.
- Umthetho waseTalifornia ovakatatatatomkhulu-ntantantana uvakatye, ngaphandle kokuba ootatomkhulu abanokuthi batyelele ukutyelelwa kwabantwana abahlala kwintsapho ehambelana.
- Imithetho yaseColorado kunye nomthetho wecala wenza ukuvakashelwa kunzima ukuwina.
- Umthetho waseConnecticut uvumela "nawuphi na umntu" owenze inxaxheba yabazali ukuba adibanise ukutyelelwa ngumntwana.
- I-Delaware ineemithetho ngokubhekiselele ekutyeleleni kwintetho yesithathu, ulwimi olubandakanya ootatomkhulu.
- Imithetho yaseFlorida kunye neziganeko zokugweba kwenza kube nzima kubazali nomkhulu ukuba batyelele ukutyelelwa.
- Imithetho yaseGeorgia yahlaziywa ngo-2012, okwenza kube nzima kubazali nootata ukuba banikezelwe ukuvakasha.
- IHawaii inomthetho wokuvakasha ootatomkhulu kunye neencwadi, kodwa kuye kwavakaliswa kungekho mthethweni.
- Imimiselo ye-Idaho iqulethe isigwebo esisodwa malunga nokuvakashelana nootatomkhulu.
- Imithetho yase-Illinois malunga nokutyelela oogogo kunye neenkcukacha.
- Umthetho wase-Indiana uchaza ngokucacileyo ootatomkhulu.
- Imithetho yaseAowa idlulile ngo-2007 yenza kube nzima ukunqoba ukuvakasha.
- Umthetho waseKansas uvumela ootatomkhulu ababenalo ubudlelwane kunye nabazukulwana babo ukuba bavelele ukutyelela.
- Umthetho waseKentucky ovakatatatatomkhulu oveleleyo ushukunyiswe kakhulu kumthetho wecala.
- Umthetho waseLouisana uqulethe imimiselo emithathu enxulumene nokuvakatyela oomkhulu.
- Oomkhulu no-Maine kufuneka babe nobudlelwane obukhoyo kunye nomzukulu ukuze bavelele ukutyelela okanye kufuneka bazame ukuba nobuhlobo obunjalo.
- Umthetho waseMadgan ulahlekile, ubenzela nzima kubazali nogogo ukuba batyelele ukutyelela kwimeko.
- UMassachusetts ubhekwa njengombandela okhuseleyo ngokumalunga namalungelo omvakatatatomkhulu.
- Umthetho waseMichigan ngokuphathelele uvakatatjhi ogqithiseleyo utyelelo lude kakhulu kwaye luchanekile.
- Umthetho waseMinnesota ubonelela ngeemeko ezintathu apho ootatomkhulu abanokumangalela ukutyelela.
- Umthetho we-Mississippi wenza kube nzima ukuba ootatomkhulu abaninzi bazuze ukutyelela.
- UMasipala waseMissouri uthathwa njengesimo esivumelekileyo kubazali nomkhulu ofuna ukutyelela.
- UMontana uthatha indlela eyahlukileyo kumalungelo omkhulukazi.
- Umthetho we-Nebraska ufutshane yaye kulula ukuwuqonda, kodwa ukhatyathwa.
- Imithetho ye-Nevada ide kwaye ichanekile, ibeka iingxaki ezinkulu kubazali nogogo.
- I-New Hampshire ayivumeli ootatomkhulu ukuba batyelele ukutyelelwa kunye nabazukulwana abahlala kwiintsapho ezintle.
- INew Jersey idinga ukuba oogogo nomkhulu bahlangabezane nenzakala efanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuphumelela ukutyelela.
- Ngamanye amaxesha iMexico yaseMexico ibhekwa njengomzekelo womthetho wokuvakatyela ootatomkhulu.
- Imithetho yaseNew York imfutshane kodwa ayilula ukuyiqonda.
- Imimiselo yaseNorth Carolina iindaba ezimbi ngoogogo nomkhulu.
- Imithetho yaseNyakatho yaseDakota zombini iindaba ezilungileyo kunye neendaba ezimbi zoogogo nomkhulu.
- Umthetho wase-Ohio awuvumeli ukutyelelwa nabazukulwana abahlala kwintsapho ehambelana.
- Umthetho wase-Oklahoma ubude kwaye uphawule, kodwa kulula ukuwuqonda.
- Umthetho waseOregon uwela kwicandelo ngamanye amaxesha obizwa ngokuba ngumthetho "womzali wengqondo."
- Umthetho wasePennsylvania usetyenziswa ukugcinwa kwexesha endaweni yokutyelela.
- Imithetho yaseRhode Island isifutshane kwaye ikhethekileyo kodwa ayivumeli ukutyelelwa kunye nabazukulu kwiintsapho ezihambelanayo.
- ISouth Carolina yimeko enzima kakhulu kubazali nomkhulu ofuna ukuvakasha.
- I-South Dakota idlalwa njenge-state permissive malunga namalungelo okutyelela.
- Imithetho yaseTennessee ijolise ukukhusela amalungelo kubazali.
- I-Texas idinga ukuba oogogo nomkhulu bahlangabezane nenqanaba elibi ukwenzela ukuphumelela ukutyelela.
- Izibonelelo ze-Utah zokuvakatyela ootatomkhulu ziye zahlulwa ngokukhawuleza ngumthetho wecala.
- Imimiselo ye-Vermont yokuvakashela ootatomkhulu baye bachithwa ngumthetho wecala.
- IVirginia ihlanganisa oomkhulu oomkhulu phantsi kwemithetho ebhekisela "kubantu abanomdla osemthethweni."
- IWashington ayinalo mthetho wokuvakasha ootatomkhulu ukususela ekubeni ummiselo wokugqibela wawungeniswe ngokungahambisani nomgaqo-siseko.
- IWestinia yaseVestinia ilungiselela ukutyelela kwiimeko ezimbini.
- IWisconsin ibhekwa njengesidima sokuvumela ngokuphathelele amalungelo okutyelela.
- I-Wyoming inelungiselelo lokuba bobabili bobuhle nababi kubazali noomkhulu bafuna ukuvakashelwa.