Abazali banezo zixhobo abazidingayo ukuze bancede umntwana wabo akhe ukuzimela
Kwihlabathi leemfuno ezizodwa, izakhono eziphambili zibizwa ngokuba yi-Adaptive Living Skills, okanye i-ADL. Izakhono eziphambili ngakumbi, ezifana nokuhlamba impahla, ukubamba ibhasi, okanye ukulandela ishedyuli yemihla ngemihla, ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa izakhono zoBomi okanye izakhono zoBomi bemihla ngemihla. Nangona ezi zakhono zingabalulekanga ukuba zisinde, zibaluleke kakhulu kubani na oceba ukusebenzela nokuphinda abuyele kuluntu lwangoku.
Wonke umntu udinga izakhono ezithile ukuze afikelele ngosuku. Izakhono ezinxulumene nokutya, ukugqoka kunye nococeko lwazo ziyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlala ubomi obude buzimeleyo. Ukongezelela kwezo zakhono ezisisiseko kakhulu zininzi izakhono esisebenzisa ngayo imihla ngemihla ukuhamba ngethuba lokuhlala ekhaya nasekuhlaleni.
Uninzi lwabantu lufunda i-ADL kunye ezininzi zezakhono zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Bafunda ngokudibanisa imfundiso, ukulingisa, kunye nokulingwa kunye nephutha. Umzekelo, umntwana angase afunde ukuhlamba ngokukhumbuza amava okuhlamba, ngokuxelisa izenzo zomzali, nangokuzifumanisa ukuba xa uqhuba amanzi atshisayo kakhulu ixesha elide amanzi aya kushushu kakhulu.
Kutheni iZakhono zoBomi zifundiswa ngokuhlukileyo kwabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa
Abantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa ezifana ne- autism , ukukhubazeka ukufunda okanye i- ADHD , bafunde ngokuhlukileyo kubantwana abaqhelekileyo.
Kungenxa yokuba abantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa:
- Akunakukwazi ukuhlakulela izakhono zobungqina kude kube ngaphezu kwe-average-okanye kungekhona.
- Akunakukwazi ukuvelisa amandla okuqonda nokuzivakalisa ngolwimi oluthethiweyo kude kube ngaphezu kwe-average-okanye kungekhona.
- Akunakukuhlakulela umnqweno "wokuba nje" okanye ukummisela omnye umntu ngezakhono kunye nobuchule bakhe.
- Unokufumana kunzima ukulandela umyalelo othethiweyo-ngakumbi xa uqeqesho luquka amanqanaba amaninzi.
- Mhlawumbi angayiqondi into "ekulindelekileyo" okanye "ejwayelekile" yokuziphatha.
- Ngangenakho ukukwazi ukugxila kumsebenzi wexesha elide.
- Ngamana ungakhungatheka lula.
- Unokuba nemingeni engqondweni okanye enengqiqo ehlala endleleni yokuphumelela.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unokunye okanye yonke le mingeni, abanako "nje" ukufumana izakhono zokuphila zemihla ngemihla njengoko oontanga lwabo baqhubela phambili. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abanakufunda ezininzi okanye zonke ezo zakhono ngendlela efanelekileyo yokufundisa.
Iinjongo Zakhono zoBomi zifundiswa njani kwabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa
Ootitshala, abagqirha kunye nabazali baye baqalisa isicwangciso seendlela, kunye kunye okanye ngokwahlukeneyo, ezinokusebenza ngokubanzi ekufundiseni izakhono zobomi kubantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Kwaye iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ezi zinto zingasebenza ngokulinganayo ngokufundisa malunga naluphina ubuchule malunga nantoni na-kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinjani iimfanelo okanye iingxaki.
Inyathelo lokuqala: Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi. Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi yinkqubo yokwephula nayiphi na imisebenzi enikwe kwiindawo zayo zecandelo. Umzekelo, ukuxubha amazinyo kubandakanya ukufumana i-teethothbrush, i-toothpaste, kunye nekomityi, ukubeka i-toothpaste kwi-brush, ukuxubha amazinyo aphantsi, ukuhlamba, ukuxubha amazinyo aphezulu, ukuhlambulula kwakhona, ukucoca i-brush, nokubeka zonke izixhobo kude.
Inyathelo lesibini: Ukudala isiKhokelo soBoniso. Abazali abaninzi benza izikhokelo ezibonakalayo zokunceda abantwana babo abaneemfuno ezizodwa ukuba baqonde, bakhumbule, kwaye bakhululeke ngamanyathelo abandakanyeka kumsebenzi. Isikhokelo esibonwayo singabandakanya iifoto okanye umfanekiso wesimboli wemifanekiso yesiteyathelo ngasinye kwinkqubo.
Inyathelo lesithathu: Ukunyusa nokunyuka . Ekuqaleni, umntwana onemfuno ezizodwa unokufuna uncedo olukhulu ekukhumbuleni nasekuzaliseni ngokufanelekileyo isinyathelo ngasinye kumsebenzi. Ukukhuthaza kunokubandakanya umzimba, uncedo-ngesandla. Njengoko bafunda, abazali baya kuqala "ukutshabalalisa". Okokuqala, baya kumisa ukusebenzisa isandla-ngesandla-ncedisi, kwaye kunoko banikezele kuphela iziphakamiso zomlomo ("musa ukulibala ukuhlanza i-toothbrush!").
Emva koko baya kuqala ukutshabalalisa ngisho neziphakamiso zomlomo. Xa kungekho mfuneko efunekayo, umntwana ufunde umsebenzi!
Izixhobo zokufundisa ezongezelelweyo
Ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela umntwana wakho ofunde ngayo, kukho ezinye izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezinokuba luncedo. Ezi zixhobo zincedo ngokukhethekileyo kwizakhono eziphambili ezifuna umntwana ukuba asebenzisane nabantu kunye nokulindela kuluntu olubanzi. Ezi ziquka:
Chaining. Yonke imisebenzi ibandakanya uluhlu lwamanyathelo asebenzayo afana nekhonkco kwikhonkco. Ngokomzekelo, awukwazi ukuxubha amazinyo akho ade ubeke i-toothpaste kwi-brush. Abanye abantu bayakhuthaza umntwana wabo kwisinyathelo ngasinye kwicandelo, kwaye ke uqale ukususa izixhumanisi njengoko umntwana efunda. Ekugqibeleni, umntwana unokukwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi ngokukhumbuza okulula.
Iindaba zeNtlalo . Ibali lezentlalo yinyathelo ukusuka kwindlela ebonwayo ngasentla. Kunokuba nje ubhale amanyathelo, abazali basebenzisa imifanekiso kunye namazwi ukuchaza "ukuziphatha okulindelekileyo." Uninzi lwamabali asekuhlaleni olumiselwe umntu. Umzekelo: "Njalo kusasa emva kokutya kwasekuseni, uJohnny uyaqhawula amazinyo. Okokuqala, uJohnny uyabhoxa emnyango wendlu yokuhlambela. Ukuba akukho mntu ungaphakathi, uJohny uyangena" nokunye. Abazali banokufunda ibali lezentlalo kunye noJohnny njengexesha elifunekayo kude kube yilapho uJohnny eyazi ngentliziyo kwaye unokugqiba onke amanyathelo ngaphandle kokunyusa.
Imifanekiso yeVidiyo . Abantwana abaninzi abaneemfuno ezizodwa ngabafundi abazibonayo, kwaye abaninzi bafunda kakuhle ngevidiyo. Iimodeli zevidiyo zingathengwa kwi-shelf, zikhutshwe kwi-Intanethi, okanye zenzelwe umntwana ngamnye. Bangabonisa abadlali abenza umsebenzi, okanye bangabonakalisa ngokwenene umntwana njengoko ehamba kwinkqubo. Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo ukwenza ividiyo yomntwana wakho ukuze akwazi ukujonga nokufumanisa nayiphina impazamo eyenziweyo.
Apps. Abantwana abakhulileyo, okanye abantwana abaneemfuno ezinzima, banokuzuza kwiifowuni eziphathekayo ezilungiselelwe ukukhokela ngemisebenzi ethile okanye amava. Basenokufumana inzuzo kwikhalenda yesiseko kunye nokuhlela iinkqubo zokusebenza ezibanceda ukulungiselela ixesha labo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Zonke izixhobo ezichazwe ngasentla zisetyenziswe ngabagqirha kunye nootitshala kodwa zonke zilula ukufumana okanye ukudala, kwaye enembile ukuyisebenzisa. Njengomzali, ungcono kakhulu ukuncedisa iimfuno zakho ezizodwa ukuphuhlisa izakhono azifunayo ukuzimela!
> Imithombo:
> Duncan AW, uBhishophu SL. Ukuqonda isithuba phakathi kwamakhono okuqonda kunye nezakhono zemihla ngemihla ebantwaneni abanesifo sengqondo se-autism kunye neengxaki zengqondo. Autism . Novemba 2013.
> USarris, uMarina. Izakhono zobomi bemihla ngemihla: isisiseko sokuzimela kubantu abane-autism. I-Interactive Autism Network kwisiKhungo saseKennedy Krieger. KwiWebhu. Ngo-Apreli 10, 2014.