Ukusela Xa Ubunzima Buchaphazela Ukuphuhliswa Kwezingane
Nangona zonke izilumkiso malunga neziphene zokuzalwa okanye ukukhubazeka okuphuhliswayo kubangelwe ukusela utswala ngexesha likhulelwe, uphando lubonisa ukuba 1 kwabangu-10 abafazi abakhulelweyo baseMerika, abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya ku-44, baxela ukuba baphuze utywala phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 zokugqibela kwaye malunga nesithathu kwisithathu sabasetyhini abavakalisa ukusela ekupheleni kweentsuku ezingama-30 zokuba utywala, ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula izifo.
Syndrome yoTywala
I-Fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS) yimeko ebomini ebandakanya ukukhubazeka emzimbeni nasengqondweni, njengale:
- zobume obungavamile
- ukukhula kweemeko
- iingxaki zesistim kwinkqubo
Izifo zoTywala zoTywala lwe-Fetal
I-FAS ayinqabile, ivela kwi-0.5 ukuya ku-2.0 ngezihlandlo ngokuzalwa kwa-1 000 eMelika. Kukho ezinye iziphoso ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokukhubazeka, ezaziwa ngokubodwa njengengxaki yokubheja i-fetal alcohol (FASDs), ezenzeka ngokuphindwe kathathu rhoqo ngeFAS.
Nazi ezinye zeempembelelo ezinokuthi ukuvelisa utywala kotywala kunokuvelisa.
Izikolo zezantsi ze-IQ
Ucwaningo kwiYunivesithi yase-Pittsburgh School of Medicine lafumanisa ukuba abantwana oomama abanxila xa bekhulelwe, nokuba ngabaphuzi bezabelo ezilinganayo, babhalise amanqaku angaphantsi kwe-10 kwi-10 ubudala, xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana abanomama abangasiphuzanga. Oku kwakuyinyani ngokukhethekileyo kubantwana base-Afrika nabamaMerika.
Ubuncinane beBrain Size
Iintsana ezinomama oqhubekayo ukusela kakhulu xa bekhulelwe baneengqayi ezincinci kunye nobuchopho xa kuqhathaniswa neentsana abanomama abangaphuzangayo okanye abo bayeka xa befumene ukuba bakhulelwe, iYunivesithi yaseNew Mexico ifunyenwe. Ezi ntsana nazo zineenkcerebellum ezincinci, ummandla wengqondo echaphazelekayo kwimisebenzi yengqondo, yemoto kunye nemizwa.
UkuFunda, ukukhubazeka kweMemori
Ukusela kakhulu, ukusela okucuthayo okanye ukuphuza ukuphuza kunokuchaphazela ukufunda nokukhumbula impawu yabantwana kubakho nabantwana abanomama abaqhathaniswa nabaphuzayo, ngokutsho kwelinye iYunivesithi yasePittsburgh School of Medicine study.
Isantya soPhuculo oluNcinci
Ucwaningo lweYunivesithi yase-Wayne State lubonise ukuba ukutywala utywala kotywala kunokubangela ukuphuculwa kwexesha elide kunye nokunyamekela ingqalelo kwiintsana zabantwana abaphuzayo xa bekhulelwe. Abaphengululi bafumene xa iintsana zingenako ukukhulisa ukuphumelela kokufunda zingabangela ukungaphumeleli kwexesha elide, kubangele amanqaku angaphantsi kwe-IQ kunye nobunzima bokufunda izakhono ezisisiseko zokusebenza nokufunda.
Iingxaki zoVavanyo
Xa abantwana bezinye iimpawu ze-FAS, banokuba neengxaki ngokubukhali kombono wabo. Abantwana boomama ababengabonakaliyo, abalinganiselayo okanye abaxilisayo, babenomngcipheko omkhulu wokungaboni kakuhle.
Ingozi yokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane
Ukufundwa kweYunivesithi yaseEmory kwabantwana abangama-872 abafumana oomama abaphuza ngokweqile kunye nabokubhema iisigarettes babekwazi ukuzala umntwana osandulweyo. Nangona oomama ababengabhema, kodwa basela utywala, banokuthi babe neentsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
Akukho Mqathango okhuselekileyo woTywala ngelixa ukhulelwe
Ucwaningo lwezenzululwazi olukhankanywe ngasentla kunye nabanye abaninzi lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kubantwana.
Akukho naziphi kwezi zifundo eziye zazimisela ukuba utywala obuninzi ukuthatha ukuvelisa iziphumo ezimbi. Ngoko ke, okwangoku kucetyiswa ukuba abafazi bayeke ukusela ngokukhawuleza xa befumanisa ukuba bakhulelwe okanye ukuba bazama ukukhulelwa.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. "Ukusetyenziswa kotywala phakathi kwaBantwana abakhulelweyo nabangaphantsi koMntwana wokuBantwana." - United States, 1991--2005. 21 Meyi 2009.
Umenzi wesandla, i-NS, kunye ne-al, "Impembelelo yokuTywala koTywala emva kokuKhulelwa kokuThatyathwa kwiSystems of Growth Growth Measures". Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando. Meyi 2006.
IsiLatin-Martel, uP. et al. Ukusetyenziswa koTywala kuMama ngexesha loKhulelwa kunye noKhubeni lwe-Leukemia yabantwana: UkuHlola okuHlolo kunye nokuhlaziywa kweMeta. I-Epidemiology yeCarry, i-Biomarkers kunye noKhusela. Meyi 2010.
I-Willford, JA, et al, "Ukubonakaliswa kokuTywala okuNcinci kokuThatyathwa kwaseNtshonalanga kunye neNkcazo yabantwana kwi-10 yobudala." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando. Juni 2006.
Youngentob, SL, kunye. al. "Impembelelo ye-Gestational Exposure Exposure kwi-intanethi ye-Ethanol Intakeko kwi-Early Ratal and Adult Rats (PDF)" I-Neuroscience. Disemba 2007.