Ingaba isayensi yangoku ixhasa ipolisi yokunyamezela?
Kuye waba ngumgaqo wobuqhetseba: awuphuzi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngaloo myalezo unomdla ngokugqithiseleyo kwintlalo yoluntu ukuba ishiya into yokuba utywala obuncinane, kwimiqathango yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ubeka umntwana engumngcipheko omkhulu wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.
Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Kuthekani kuthiwa ungumntu oselayo-nokuba ngumntu onxilisayo - ngexesha ukhulelwe?
Ngaba umonakalo sele usuyenziwe? Ixesha lithile isiselo esinokuthi sibe yinto yokwenene yezempilo?
Ukunyamezela iZero kuMyalezo wezeMpilo kaRhulumente
Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuthatha umoya ophefumlelweyo. Ukukhathazeka komyalezo wezempilo karhulumente, ngelixesha elifanelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha umshiya umfazi evakalelwa kukuba nokuxoxa ngento yobutywala nokukhulelwa akuvumelekile. Oku akufanele kube njalo.
Inyaniso elula kukuba akukho ndlela eya kuyo umgca phakathi kokukhuselekileyo nokungakhuselekanga. Yonke into ephakamileyo kakhulu ngendlela efanayo nomntu ophendula ngayo utswala kakhulu.
Kodwa masibekele eceleni umyalezo wezempilo karhulumente ngomzuzwana kwaye sibone oko ubungqina obukhoyo buya kuthi xelela.
Ukusela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili
Nangona kuyaziwa ukuba ukusela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-fetal alcohol syndrome (i-FAS) ngelixa iphakamisa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwesisu , ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo, ukusela kwesinye isihlandlo kubonakala kungenasiphumo esingaphantsi kwekota yokuqala kunezinye no kucinga.
Njengoko kufundwe ngo-2013 kwiYunivesithi yaseAdelaide kuthelekise iziphumo zokuzalwa kumawaka angamawaka amahlanu anesithandathu namanci mabini anesibhozo eNgilandi, e-Ireland, e-Australia naseNew Zealand eyayikhulelwe okokuqala phakathi ko-2004 no-2011. Ngokusetyenziswa kotywala, ababhali bafumene ukuba:
- Ingaphezu kwesahlulo sokunxila kokusela utywala ngexesha lokuqala kwekota.
- Amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu anesine abike ubuncinane benkcazo enye ngexesha lekota yokuqala.
- Amashumi amabini anesithandathu ekhulwini bathi batywala iiphulo ezintathu ukuya kwezixhenxe ngeveki.
- Iipesenti ezilishumi elinesixhenxe zathi zineziphuzo ezimbini kwiiveki.
- Ezilishumi elinesibhozo zibikwe ukuba zisibhozo ezilishumi elinesibhozo ngeveki.
- Amaphesenti amahlanu atywala ngaphezu kweeshumi elinesine ukuphuza ngeveki.
(Isiselo sichazwa njengeglasi yewayini okanye ngaphantsi kwebhotile yebhiya elineshumi elinambini.)
Xa kuthelekiswa nabathathi-nxaxheba, bobabini abaphuza kunye nabangaseliyo, abaphandi babika ukuba akukho mhlangano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotywala phambi kweeveki ezilishumi elinesihlanu kunye nenani elingathintekiyo ekuzalweni. Ezi ziquka ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi, ubukhulu obukhulu bokuzalwa, ukuzalwa kwangaphambili , kunye ne- preeclampsia (imeko ebangela ukuba ubomi besongela apho owesifazane okhulelweyo ekhupha uxinzelelo lwegazi).
Oko kufundiswa akuzange kubonise, nokuba kunjalo, ukuba ukusela kunokubangele umonakalo umntwana ongenakukubona, ngokukodwa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wengqondo. Yaye yilapho izinto zifumana i-fuzzier encinane.
Iipatheni zokuNwa ngexesha leTrimester yokuqala
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo oluvela kwiziko lezeNzululwazi yezeMpilo yase-Texas i-A & M ne-Yunivesithi, eyongeze ngakumbi idatha kwizilingo zomntu kunye nezilwanyana, iipatheni zokusela zingabangela into engakumbi kwiingxaki zokuphucula ingqondo kunokuba isiselo sokusela.
Ngaphandle kokukhulelwa kwangaphambili, ukusela utywala (okuchazwe ngokuba neentsimbi ezingaphezulu kweesine kwiiyure ezimbini) kwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-alcohol (BAC) ngaphaya kwezinto eziza kubonakala kwisidakwa. Oku kubonisa ukuba umntwana okhulayo uye kumanqanaba afanayo otywala obangela ingozi kubantu abadala kodwa kwinqanaba apho ubuchopho bukhula kwaye bunamandla okulungisa.
Izifundo zexesha elide kubantu ziqinisekisile ukuba abantwana babanxilisayo banenkxalabo enzulu yokuqonda kunye nokuziphatha xa befaniswa nabantwana abangabinxila.
Nangona oku kungaphakamisa ukuba oomama abangabinxilayo "bakhuselekile" (okanye ukuba oomama abanxilisayo bangakwazi ukuqhubeka besela ngaphandle kokunye ukuphumela), uphando lubonisa okuchasene noko.
Ngokolu cwaningo, ukutyhutyiswa kotywala kwangethuba kunokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ubuchopho bomntwana njengesifo sokusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphikelela kokusela kuhambelana nokunyuka kweziphene kwi-trimester yesibili, okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kweplastiki (ukukwazi ukutshintsha nokuphuhliswa) kweethambo zomzimba zesisu.
Yintoni Yonke Le Yitshilo
Umgca weyona nto: asiyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umgca uphakathi kokusela okungekhoyokiyo nokungavumelekanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Imiba enzima ngakumbi yinto yokuba umyinge unokuhluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu, kunye nabanye abafazi abanama-enzyme amaninzi afanele ukuphula utywala kunabanye. Kweli qela lokugqibela, ukuxilongwa kwegazi ngotywala kunokuphela kokuphakamileyo kakhulu kunye nesiselo esisodwa kuphela.
Ngaphezu koko, ukhetho lokusela ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni ukuba ubuncinane okanye ubuncinane bunyango lwakho luya kubonakala njani. Enye into yokuba neglasi yewayini okanye ibhiya; yinto enye yokufumana utywala obutywala obunokuphindwa kabini utywala xa ukhonza.
Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba ufanele ukwesaba ukuba ungumntu oselayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ufumene ukhulelwe. Izitho eziphambili zentsana aziyi kuqala ukuhlalisa kude kube ngeveki yesithathu yokukhulelwa, kukunika isikhephe esincinci phambi kokuba amaseli aqale ukuzakhela kunye nokwenza izicubu zengqondo zesisu. (Nceda uqaphele ukuba eli lixesha lonke uvavanyo lokukhulelwa lunokwenziwa xa ulahlekelwe ixesha lakho.)
Ukuba unomlando wokusela okanye uzonwabele ukusela rhoqo ngezikhathi ngoku, uthembeke kunye nogqirha okanye umbelethisi ngexesha lokutyelela kokubeletha . Musa ukunciphisa utywala lwakho okanye uthathe ukusela ngaphantsi kwakho. Oku kunyanisekileyo xa ufumanisa nzima ukuma okanye ukusika. Ukukhanda amaqiniso ukukholisa ugqirha wakho okanye ukuphepha ukunyamezela kuya kunceda mntu, kuquka umntwana wakho.
Ukunyaniseka, ngokuchaseneyo, kukuvumela ukuba wenze isigwebo esinolwazi ngolwazi olupheleleyo esekelwe kwimoyiko kodwa eqinisweni.
> Imithombo
- > Helfer, J; White, E .; kunye noChristie, B. "Ukuphulukiswa kweeNkcazo kwixesha elide loLwazi lokuThuthukiswa kweMveli kwi-Adult Dentate Gyrus kunye ne-2 Trimester Ethanol Consumption." PLOS One. 2014; 7 (12): e51344.
- > Maier, S. kunye neWest, J. "Amaphetheni okuNxila kunye noLwaphulo oluNxulumene noTywala." Utywala loPhando kunye neMpilo. 2001; 25: 168-174.
- > McCarthy, F .; O'Keeffe, L .; Khashan, S; kunye al "Umanyano phakathi koTywala lokuTywala kokuTywala kwaPhulo lokuQala kunye neMiphumo yokukhulelwa." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2013; 122 (4), 830-837