Iqala kwangaphambili kunokuba sicinga
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo akuyona into eyenzeka kuphela kwindawo yokusebenzela. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abaninzi abantwana besikolo esiphakathi baba ngamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, kwaye oko kuziphatha kudibene nokuxhatshazwa kunye neengcambu eziqala ekuqaleni kwesikolo sokuqala.
Ucwaningo lweminyaka emihlanu olupapashwe ngoDisemba 2016 kwiphephancwadi lwe- Children and Youth Services Review lifumene ukuba amaninzi angama-43 ekhulwini kwabafundi esikolweni esiphakathi abaye bahlolwa bathi bathoba ngamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesini (kuquka iinkcazo zesondo, amahlaya, kunye imiqondiso) kunyaka odlulileyo.
Uphononongo, okhokelwa ngugonyamelo kunye nolwaphulo lwezonyango olutsha u-Dorothy L. Espelage, PhD, uprofesa wezesayensi kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida, ulandele abantwana abangama-1,300 e-Illinois ukusuka kwisikolo esiphakathi ukuya esikolweni esiphakamileyo ukuba ahlolisise umngcipheko ochaphazelekayo nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Ezinye iinkalo ezibalaseleyo zophando:
- Abahlanu kunye nabesithandathu abaxhasayo abahlala besetyenziselwa ulwimi oluthile njengabo "gay" okanye "fag," ngakumbi xa bacinga ukuba umntwana akabonakali ngokwaneleyo iimpawu zokuziphatha ngokwesini (intombazana ibhinqa okanye inkwenkwe iyindoda). Xa kwenzeka le nto, utshilo u-Espelage, isigaba sisetyenziselwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwesondo, kwaye abantwana ababizwa ngokuba ngamagama bahlala bejika baze bahlukumeze abanye ngesana ukubonisa ubungqina bendoda.
- Abaninzi abangama-25 ekhulwini abantwana baxelele ukuba bawanga umntu baze bahlaselwe ngokwesondo, kwaye ama-21 ekhulwini kwabafundi babechukumisekile, babambe, okanye batyhide ngendlela yesondo. Phantse enye kwintlanu, okanye i-18 ekhulwini, yathi ezinye iikratshi zazityhutyha ngokuchasene nazo ngendlela ecetyisayo.
- Abafundi bathi imimandla yabo yangasese yathinteka ngaphandle kwemvume kwaye yabika ukuba "i-british" -kubhala ibhulukhwe okanye iifutshane ezigxilwe ngumntu kuluntu.
- Phantse i-14 ekhulwini yabantwana baxelele ukuba bekujoliswe kuzo ngeentlobano zesini, kwaye iipesenti ezili-9 zathi ziye zaxhatshazwa ngegraffiti ngokucacileyo ngesondo kwiindawo zokurhweba zesikolo okanye kwindawo yokuhlamba.
Oko Abazali Bangayenza Ukukhusela Abantwana Ekuxhatshazweni Ngokobulili nokuxhatshazwa
- Jonga abo baxhuma nabo. "Jonga, jongana, kwaye uyabazi abazali bomntwana wakho," kusho uDkt. Espelage. Thetha nabantwana bakho malunga nendlela yokuphatha abantu kunye nantoni na engayihloneliyo.
- Qala ukuthetha ngokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini. Kudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu ohlukumeza ngokwesini umqeshwa okanye osebenza naye emsebenzini, loo mntu ufunda iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha eziyingozi esikolweni esiphakeme, esikolweni esiphakathi, esikolweni esiphakathi. Iinqununu ziindawo ezizalisayo zokuxhatshazwa kwabasetyhini, "kusho uDkt. Espelage. "Into esiyibonayo ekolishile iqala ngo-K ukuya kweshumi elinesibini."
- Gcina incoko ihamba. Oku akusiyo inkulumo yentetho enye. Qinisekisa ukuthatha ithuba ngalinye kwimpilo yakho yemihla ngemihla ukuze ufundise abantwana malunga nenhlonipho kunye neengxaki zesini. Xa udlula isikhangiso esibonisa umfazi kwisambatho esichukumisayo esetyenziselwa ukuthengisa imveliso, thetha malunga nokuba ingaba njani umyalezo onobungozi kwaye ubuze umntwana wakho ukuba acinge ngemibandela enjengokuba kutheni amadoda angaboniswa ngendlela eninzi okanye ukuba kutheni abesifazane bathambekele ekugwetyweni ngakumbi ngendlela abajonga ngayo endaweni yabo. Xoxa rhoqo malunga nendlela abantu abafanele bajongwe ngayo ngokusekelwe kwiitalente zabo nobuchule kunye namandla abo obunjani babo (ukuba bahle kangakanani okanye ukuba banomsebenzi onobubele okanye bazinikele ngokuzithandela kwaye bancede abanye) endaweni yoko bajonga ngathi okanye bakugqoka ntoni.
- Ngaba abantwana bacinga nge "tattoo yedijithali" yabo. Khumbulani abantwana rhoqo ukuba izinto abazenzayo kwi-Facebook okanye kwi-Instagram okanye ezinye izingosi zoluntu zentlalo zihlala ngonaphakade, njenge-tattoo ye-digital, utshilo uDkt. Espelage. Khumbuza umntwana wakho ukuba angathumeli izinto ezinjengezithombe ezinqabileyo zisezantsi okanye iintloni zesimo sezesondo okanye ukuxhaphaza. "Kwaye abantwana abalungileyo banokungena enkingeni xa behamba nantoni na ukuba bengenakhathazeka ngenxa yokuba bafuna ukuthandwa," kusho uDkt. Espelage. "Izibonda eziphezulu ngoku; ukuba abantwana bafumana ingxaki, kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kungenxa yecala. Kukho umphumo, nangenxa yamahlaya. "
- Thetha sakho esikolweni. Ukuba umntwana wakho ube ngumgomo wokuxhatshazwa okanye uxhatshazo ngokwesini, okanye uyifakazele esikolweni sakhe, thetha nootitshala nabaphathi. Enye yeziphumo ezimangalisa ukuphandwa kwale nkcazo kukuba abantwana abaninzi banqumla into abaye bafumana ngayo njengokuba bengenanto enkulu, nangona bachaze ezi ziganeko njengento ephazamisayo. Esi simo sengqondo sinokuthi isiphumo samagosa esikolweni asikwazanga ukujongana nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuthintela uxhatshazo , kusho uDkt. Espelage. Olu pho nonongo lubalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuthintela ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nenxalenye yengxoxo yesizwe ngokuxhatshazwa.
- Ungesabi ukuba uhlukile kwabanye abazali. Amathuba kukuba, abaninzi abazali abakhulumi ngokwaneleyo kunye nezingane zabo malunga nezinto ezifana nobuhlanga besini kunye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokwesini. "Ukuba umntwana wakho uthi, 'Abanye abazali abakwenzi oko,' ngoko wenza into eyiyo," kusho uDkt. Espelage.