Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenzekayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukuphuhliswa kwemiphunga emntwaneni. Imiphunga ephuhliswe ngokupheleleyo yenye yezona zinto ziyimfuneko ebomini ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Uninzi lwezinye iindawo zomntwana lusebenza ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhula komntwana , kodwa kwimiphunga, yonke imihla yophuhliso ibalulekile. Ngolunye usuku ungenza umehluko wokuphuhliswa kwemiphunga.
Kwiintsana ezisemngciphekweni wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokudala, umzekelo, oogqirha bajolise ngokukodwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imiphunga iqhutywe ngendlela enokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngoko umntwana usenethuba elihle lokusinda.
Abantu badinga imiphunga ukuze baphefumle umoya, kunjalo? Ngoko, unokuthi imiphunga ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komntwana nophuhliso. Kodwa nini imiphunga iqhutywe ngokupheleleyo?
Indlela Iimvumba Zengane Eziphuhlisa ngayo
Ukuphuhliswa kwamathambo kubantu kubonakala ngaphezu kwezigaba ezinhlanu ezahlukeneyo. Emva kwesigaba sombungu , imiphunga yomntwana ikhula kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yintsimi yeengcambu. Ngeli nqanaba, elihlala kwiiveki ezi-5 ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-17, imiphunga yengane ingafaniswa nomthi womthi onamagatsha avela kuyo. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, "amasebe" athatyathwa kakhulu kwaye anzima.
Amanqanaba alandelayo avela kwizigaba, ukusuka kwiiveki ezingama-26-36, kwaye ekugqibeleni, isigaba sokugqibela sokuphuhliswa kwemiphunga asisayi kufikelela kwiiveki ezingama-36 .
Esi sigaba sokugqibela senziwa ngenyanga yokugqibela yokukhulelwa kwaye nangona kubonakala sengathi umntwana "wenziwa" ngoko, kukho ngokwenene ukukhula okwenzekayo kwinqanaba lokugqibela lomphuhliso. Ngaloo nyanga yokugqibela, imiphunga yomntwana yenza ininzi ekuphuhliseni ekufuneka isebenze ngaphandle kwesibeleko, yingakho kubalulekile ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuvumela iintsana ziphuhlise kwaye zikhethe iintsuku zabo zokuzalwa, ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile imithi ukukhupha kusasa .
Imiphunga ngokwenene yinto yezinto zokugqibela ukugqiba ukukhula kwintsana, yintoni ke isicwangciso semiphunga esingaphantsi kwexesha sinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwintsana xa izalwa ngokukhawuleza. Imiphunga iyingqayizivele kuba yinye iisistim kuphela emzimbeni ohlala ngokugqithiseleyo kuze kube sekuzalweni. Zonke ezinye iinkqubo, ezinjenge-cardiac system okanye inkqubo ye-muscular, iphelele kwaye iqhubekile nangona umntwana esele e-utero. Kodwa umntwana esisu esibelethweni ufumana umoya wakhe ophuma kwi-placenta, ngoko imiphunga ayifumani "i-test" isebenze "kuze kube ngumzuzu wokuzalwa.
Ingane inokwenza "ukuqhuba" ukuphefumla esibelethweni, kodwa ayikho enye inguqu yomoya phakathi kwemiphunga de emva kokuba umntwana eshiya isibeleko. Yonke inkqubo yokuphucula imiphunga yinkimbinkimbi kwaye iquka imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo, ngoko ke xa lixesha lokuba bathathe isenzo, kuyona mzuzu obalulekileyo. Ngelishwa, kuba libandakanya izinto ezininzi ezihamba kakuhle, kukho amathuba amaninzi okungahambi kakuhle izinto.
Xa usana luzalwe kwaye emva kokuba intambo yomlomo iqhutywe, kufuneka uguqule "ukuphefumula" ngegazi lokupasa umoya. Ngaloo mzuzwana, imiphunga yengane yanda nge-air, "i-flap" entliziyweni iyavalwa ukuqala ukusasazeka kwimiphunga, kunye nenkqubo entsha yokufumana i-oksijini egazini evela emoyeni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, loo nkqubo ingathatha ixesha kwaye, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana azalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kunokuba neengxaki zokufumana i-oksijini eyaneleyo emzimbeni.
Uphuhliso lweMimandla ekuzalweni
Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yentuthuko yengane yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-surfactant kwimiphunga. I-Surfactant ngumxube wezinto eziphambili ze-acid, i-carbohydrate, kunye nama-proteine "agqoke" imiphunga aze avumele ukuba basebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Inceda ukugcina i-alveoli, eziyi-sacs emoyeni apho zonke izitshixo ze-oksijeni zenzeke, zivule kwaye zihluthe.
Umntu osebenza ngokugqithiseleyo yiyo eqhubekayo yokugqibela, kwaye ayikwazi ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba usana luzalwa ngokukhawuleza.
Xa kungenalo okwaneleyo ongencibiliki kwimiphunga, umntwana akanako ukuphefumula ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanqanaba aphantsi asebenzayo aqhuba imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- respiratory distress syndrome (i-RDS) kwiintsana, ingakumbi iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Umntwana uzama nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula, kodwa imiphunga nje ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kufumaneke utshintsho lwomoya. Kwiintsana zangaphambi kwexesha, i-RDS yimbangela enye yokufa.
Xa Iimfengane Zengane Ziphuhliswa Ngokupheleleyo?
Ukuhlaziywa koNyaka kwe-Physiology iphephancwadi ichaza into ekhangayo: imiphunga yengane, nangona isebenza ngokugcwele, ngokwenene isacatshulwa "ngokugcwele" ekuzalweni kwexesha elipheleleyo. Khumbula ezo zigaba ezinhlanu zophuhliso lomphunga? Ewe, usenokumangaliswa ukuva ukuba isigaba sokugqibela sokuphuhlisa imiphunga siyaqhubeka ukususela kwiiveki ezingama-36 kwindlela yokuqala yobomi bomntwana bokuqala. Ngethuba leminyaka yokuqala yokuqala emithathu yobomi bomntwana, imiphunga iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwisakhiwo somntu omdala umphunga. Ngokukodwa, i-alveoli ("iisanti" ezincinci ezitshintshisa umoya kwimiphunga) ziyaqhubeka zenza ngaphezu kwezo minyaka yokuqala zintathu zobomi, okwandisa ubuninzi bomhlaba kwimiphaphu. Olunye u-alveoli = ngaphezulu komoya.
Ayikho indlela esemthethweni yokukwazi ukuba imiphunga iphuhliswa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe ngaphandle kokuvavanya. Kwezinye iimeko, njengokuba kukho iingxaki zokukhulelwa kunye noogqirha kufuneka bavelise umntwana kusenokwenzeka, okanye ukuba unina usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokunikezelwa kwangaphambili , banokuyilungisa iimvavanyo ukucacisa umsebenzi wengqondo yomntwana. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, ugqirha uya kugqiba imfuneko yokuvavanywa ngengozi yokuba umntwana uzalwe kusasa okanye ubunzima beengxaki. Ukuba umntwana uneminyaka engaphantsi kweeveki ezingama-32, uvavanyo aluyi kuba luncedo, kuba imiphunga ayinakuphuhliswa ngokwaneleyo ukuvavanya ukuba ikhethwe. Uvavanyo luquka ukujonga i-amniotic fluid esibelethweni ukulinganisa amanqanaba oqhagamshelwano. Oogqirha banako ukucacisa indlela abavuthiwe ngayo imiphunga ukuba bangakanani ababenokuqhelana nabo abangayifumana kwi-fluid.
Ukuba kufumaniswe ukuba imiphunga yengane ayinakuliswa ngokupheleleyo, ugqirha unokuzama ukunceda imiphunga kunye nokuyalela i- steroids ejoyiweyo kumama ngoxa ekhulelwe. Ezi ziyobisi zingancedisa "ukukhawulezisa" inkqubo yokuphuhlisa imiphunga.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezininzi iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-35 ziya kuba nemiphunga efanelekileyo yokwenza iimiphunga kunye neentsana ngokuqhelekileyo ziqwalaselwa "njengexesha elipheleleyo" kunye neempuphu eziqhutywe ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezingama-37. Nangona kunjalo, i-American College of Obstetricians kunye neGynecologists ngoku icebisa ukuba iintsana akufanele zihanjiswe okanye zihanjiswe phambi kweeveki ezingama-39 zokukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuvavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiphunga iqhutywe ngokupheleleyo. Iintsana zinokukhula ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye umgca, imiphunga yengane isoloko ikhula, ngoko yonke imihla ibalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Yintoni Echaphazela Ukuphuhliswa Kwemigodi yabantwana?
Izinto ezininzi zithinta indlela umphunga wengane okhula ngayo kwisibeleko. Umzekelo, ukubhema kufunyenwe ukulimaza ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba umsi kunye ne-nicotine ngokukhethekileyo unokuwela umnqamlezo wegazi-placenta.
Kukho neemeko ezingabikho mzali onokukwazi ukulawula ezinokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa kwemiphunga, ezifana nesondo lomntwana kunye nobuhlanga. Ngokomzekelo, iingxaki zemiphunga zixhaphakileyo kwiintsana ezisetyhini xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana basetyhini, kunye phakathi kwabantwana abamnyama nabaseMzantsi Afrika ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi uhlanga.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Nangona ihluka, imiphunga yengane ayicatshangwanga ngokufanelekileyo-kude ifikelele kwiiveki ezingama-37, ezithathwa ngokuba yi-"full-term". Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ukukhulelwa kunye nokuphuhliswa kunokwenzeka kwimivuzo eyahlukileyo, oku akusiyo inombolo enzima kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambili zingaba nemiphunga esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ezinye iintsana ezizalwe kamva zisenokuba nemiba nemiphunga yazo ngexesha lokuzalwa ngenxa yokuphuhlisa imiphunga.
Ukuphuhliswa kwemimiselo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokukhula komntwana kwaye yenye yezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni oogqirha bakhuthaza oomama ukuba baphephe ukukhupha okungadingekile okungengenxa yezizathu zonyango. Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili kungenakupheka, ugqirha unokuyalela amachiza akhethekileyo ukuba ancede imiphunga yomntwana isebenze ngcono. Amanyathelo okuncedisa amachiza kunye nenkxaso anokunceda umntwana emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, ukuba kukho iingxaki nemiphunga.
Imiphunga yomntwana ithathwa njengento esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo ekuzalweni kwexesha elipheleleyo, kodwa imiphunga yomntwana iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala yobomi de ibe ifana nesakhiwo esikhulileyo somntu omdala.
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