Kutheni Abanye Abantwana Bakhathazeka Ngezinto Ezizimeleyo
Abantwana abaselula banamathuba amaninzi okuzithemba, kodwa ekuqalekeni kweminyaka ephakathi, ukuzithemba okuphantsi kunokuba ngumbandela omkhulu. Kukho izizathu ezinxulumene nokokuba ukuzithemba okuphantsi kukuqala ukubonakala ngexesha lobuncinci.
Ukuzimelela Kwesiqhelo Ngokuxhathaniswa Nabanye
Kwiminyaka engama-6 ukuya kwe-11 ubudala, abantwana baqala ukuziqhathanisa neontanga zabo.
Oku kuqhathaniswa kwintlalo esandul 'intsha kubangelwa zizathu zombini kunye nezentlalo. Isazi seengqondo u-Erik Erikson ukholelwa ukuba ukuzithelekisa kubonisa umzabalazo omkhulu kunabo bonke abajongene nabantwana kule minyaka. Ingxabano yabo enkulu, wayekholelwa, ibeka phambili ekuphuhliseni ingqondo yoshishino, okanye ukuvakalelwa kwekhono, ngelixa uphepha ukungaziqondi.
Ukuzimela Ngokuzimeleyo Ngenxa Yokuvalelwa Kwangenakwenzeka
Njengoko u-Erikson wathi, abanye abantwana bayaqonda ukuba imizamo yabo ayilunganga njengabo ontanga kwaye baqala ukuziva bengaphantsi. Noko ke, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuziva ungekho mfuneko akukhokelela ekukholweni. Ukuba ukusebenza komntu ompofu kwenzeka kwidibansi engabalulekanga, njengezemidlalo, ukuzithemba kwakhe akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthinteke. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, akakwazi ukufumana indawo ebalulekileyo, njengabafundi, usemngciphekweni wokuhlakulela ukuzithoba.
Ukwandiswa koxinzelelo lweNtsebenzo kungabangela ukuzimela okuphantsi
Uxinzelelo lwentsebenzo luya kwandisa phakathi neminyaka emibini.
Ngethuba lokuqala kwasekuqaleni, abazali nabafundisi bancoma naluphi na umzamo, omkhulu okanye omncinane, ohluphekileyo okanye obalaseleyo. Nangona u-adolescence isondela, kunjalo, abantu abadala baya kulindela ngakumbi ukusuka kubantwana; Umzamo usabalulekile, kodwa ukusebenza kuqala ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abazalwana abazenzeli nje ukuthelekisana kwabo kunye neontanga zabo, kodwa nabo banqina abantu abadala benza okufanayo.
Ukuzimela Okuphantsi Kwakuvela Kuye Kwavezwa Ukuthandwa Kwabanye
Njengokuba ulindele ukwenziwa komsebenzi kwabazali kunye nootitshala, i-tween iqalisa ukuqonda ukudideka kwabo bantu abadala. Ingaba ukuhlonishwa komntwana kuchaphazelekayo kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani umntu omdala ongavumiyo kwimigudu yabo. Ukuba ukungavunyelwa kukuvela kumntu ongeyithandi umntwana - tshela umfundisi ongenamhlonela - umntwana akanakwenzeka ukuba athathe isigwebo sakhe ngentliziyo kunye nokuzithoba kwakhe kuya kuhlala kuphakamileyo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, umntwana ukholelwa ukuba umzali othandekayo okanye umqeqeshi othembekileyo udidekile kubo, ukuzithoba kunokuthi kubangele. Kuyacaca ke ukuba abazali banokudlala indima ephambili ekuncedeni abantwana ukuba bahlale bezithemba .
Imithombo:
UHarter, uSusan. Ukuphuhliswa koMntu kunye nokuPhepha komntu ngamnye ngokuzimelela. Kwi- Handbook yokuPhuhliswa koBuntu ngo-Mroczek noNcinane (uEd.), Iphepha 311-334. 2006. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
UMcAdams, uDan, no-Olson, uBradley. Uphuhliso lomntu: Ukuqhubeka kunye noTshintsho kwiCandelo loBomi. Ukuhlaziywa koNyaka kweeNgqondo. 2010. 61: 517-542.