Ixesha elithi "iiphambili zentuthuko" libhekiselele kwisethi sezakhono kunye neziphathamandla ezithile ezingabonwa kwiintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci njengoko bekhula. Iziganeko eziphuhlisayo ngokubanzi ziwela kwiindidi ezine: ezomzimba, ezibandakanya ukuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamagqabi amakhulu kunye namancinci (okunye okubizwa ngokuba yi-motor motor kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo, ngokulandelanayo); intuthuko yentlalo kunye nomoya, okubandakanya indlela umntwana wakho abonisa ngayo iimvakalelo zakhe kunye nabanye aze aphendule kuloo mvakalelo; ingqiqo, equka ukukwazi komntwana wakho ukufunda izakhono ezintsha nokuqonda iingcamango ezingapheliyo; kunye noqhagamshelwano, kuquka ukufumana ulwimi, izakhono zomlomo kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda ulwimi.
Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba abantwana abancinci bahlakulela ngokweenqanaba elilodwa kunye nokuba kukho uluhlu lwezinto ezithathwa ngokuba "uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo." Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bezilwanyana uya kulindela ukuba abantwana abaninzi bafumane izakhono zophuhliso ngaphakathi kweefestile malunga nexesha elithile kunye nezigaba. Kwaye nangona kungekho sizathu sokuba abazali bahlale bexakeke phambili kunye nezingane zabo ezithatha iziganeko zentuthuko kwiminyaka yobudala, kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela wengane yakho ukuba unomdla. Ukuchonga ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa kunokunika ithuba lokunika umntwana wakho ukungenelela kwangaphambili-iinkonzo ezinjengokwenyama, intetho, okanye ezinye iindlela zokwelapha-ezinokunceda umntwana athole izakhono ezibalulekileyo aze "athabathe" kwiontanga zakhe ngaphambi kokuqala isikolo.
Nantsi isampula encinane yezinto ezibalulekileyo abazali abanokuzilindela kwizigaba ezahlukahlukeneyo zophuhliso lolutsha:
12 inyanga endala
Uphuhliso loLuntu kunye nolwaMoya: Ngonyaka owodwa, umntwana wakho omncinci uza kuqala ukubonisa iimpawu ezingaphezulu zolwazi lwezenhlalakahle noluntu. Umntwana wakho unokuqala ngokukhawuleza ukuba "unamathele" kunye nabantu abathile, ngokuphindaphindiweyo umama noyise, baze bathathe intloni okanye bathuke nabangamaziyo kunye nokukhala xa uMama noTata behamba.
Umntwana wakho kufuneka kwakhona avuyiswe ngokudlala imidlalo elula njengekhekhe lomenzi okanye i-peek-boo-boo.
Uphuhliso lweelwimi: Umncinci wakho omncinci akasayi kukwazi ukuthetha amaninzi amaninzi-ngokubhekiselele ukuba "mama" kunye "nodada" kunye namanye ambalwa amagama-kodwa kufuneka aqonde ngakumbi kwaye akwazi ukulandela imiyalelo elula. Uyazama ukuxelisa uMama noTata.
Uphuhliso loCognitive: Kuyaziwa ukuba abantwana abasemgangathweni banokungahambi kakuhle-konke kuyingxenye yentuthuko evamile. Uza kufumana ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuhlolisisa amathoyizi akhe ngeendlela ezintsha, ukuwaphonsa okanye ukuwabetha ukuba abone indlela asebenza ngayo. Ungabona kwakhona ukuba ngaphandle kwamehlo akusekho ngqondweni yengane yakho encinci, leyo ngelanga ukuba uMama noTata akuthethi nje ukufihla into xa ufuna umntwana ukuba ayibalekele.
Ukuhamba kunye noPhuhliso lweZimo : Abanye abancinci bahamba ngeenyanga ezili-12, kodwa akusiyo yonke into, ke ningakhathazeki ukuba ungeyena umntwana. Ngonyaka owodwa, iintsapho ezincinane kufuneka zihlale zodwa, zitshintshe ukuma, kunye nokuhamba (ukuhamba ngoncedo lwenfenitshala ukugcina ibhalansi).
18 inyanga endala
Uphuhliso loLuntu kunye nolwaMoya: Unina noTata mhlawumbi banamathandane omncinci kule minyaka-kwaye mhlawumbi ubonisa uthando olukhulu kubantu abamkhathalelayo.
Oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho uqhubeka ekhonkxa. "Ingozi engumngcipheko" iyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye iphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo kule minyaka.
Uphuhliso loLwimi noNxibelelwano: Isigama sakho somntwana kufanele sandise, kwaye ngeenyanga ezili-18, unokukwazi ukuya kumazwi alandelayo okanye ngaphezulu. Ukongeza, ngomnyaka nangesiqingatha, umntwana wakho unokuthetha ngezivakalisi ezibini ezilula. Ekugqibeleni, lindele ukuba umntwana wakho akwazi ukukhomba oko akufunayo.
Uphuhliso loCognitive: Yenza ikholo kwaye uzifanise, ngelixa lingazalwanga ngokupheleleyo, liya kuqala ukubonisa umdlalo wakho omncinane kunyaka kunye nesiqingatha. Ngokomzekelo, unokubona umntanakho uzenza ngathi uzondla idonsa yomntwana.
Umntwana wakho uya kuba nako ukuchonga izinto ngokukhomba, kuquka iindawo zomzimba wakhe. Kwaye, umncinane wakho unokukwazi ukulandela izikhombisi ezilula, njengokuthi "thabatha iikhrayoni."
Ukuhamba kunye noPhuhliso lweZakhiwo: Kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala, abantwana abaselula bayahamba, lonke ixesha. Umncinane wakho kufuneka ahambe yedwa, kwaye mhlawumbi uya kuqhuba kwaye ahla ezitebhisini. Kwakhona uya kuba nakho ukuncedisa. Kwaye abancinci baya kuqala ukuzondla ngokwenza i-spoon kwaye kufuneka baphuze kwikomityi.
- Funda ngokubanzi malunga nantoni na iinjongo eziphambili onokuzilindela ngeenyanga ezili-18 ubudala .
2 iminyaka elidala
Uphuhliso loLuntu kunye nolwaMoya: Umncinci wakho uqhubeka ehlala esentlalweni kunye nozimeleyo. Kwaye, ngelixa bengasayi kusebenzisana namanye abantwana ngexesha bedlala, umntwana wakho uyavuya xa abanye abantwana-banoma yiphi na ubudala-bajikeleze. Iminyaka emibini ubudala ibonisa kwakhona ukuqala kwemfesane ininzi yezingane ezifunda indlela yokuzivakalisa xa zikhungathekile, zikhathazekile, zikhathele, zilambile.
Uphuhliso loLwimi noNxibelelwano: Umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-2 uthetha ngoku zivakalisi ezinde-ukuya kumazwi amane kwezinye iimeko. Akumangalisi ukucinga ukuba uyazi amazwi angama-50 kwaye mhlawumbi ufunda ezintsha iintsuku zonke. Kodwa kuya kufuneka uqale uqaphele into oyithethayo: Umncinane wakho uphulaphule kwaye uya kuphinda aphinda abuyele kwixesha elingabalulekanga, ezinokubangela ezinye iimeko ezihlazo.
Uphuhliso lweCognitive: Umdlalo wakho omncinci uqhubeka ucinga ngakumbi-ungambona ekwenza ibali okanye umdlalo ukudlala. Ukwahlula izinto ngokubunjwa kunye nombala kunye nezikhokelo ezilukhuni ezibandakanya amanyathelo amabini anjengaye, "Thatha amathoyizi akho uze uwabeke kwibhasikidi."
Ukuhamba kunye nokuPhuthukiswa kweMvelo: Ukugijima, ukunyuka, ukuphonsa, ukukhaba-izakhono zakho zokuhamba ngeemoto ezineminyaka emi-2 ubudala ziboniswa rhoqo. Unokulindela ukuba umntwana wakho ukuba akwazi ukubamba ipensela okanye ikrayray kunye nokukopisha imizila kunye nezibonda.
Iminyaka emithathu ubudala
Ukuphuhliswa kweNtlalontle kunye nomoya: Abancinci abancinci abasadlala ngokubambisana-bahlala kwinto ebizwa ngokuthi "umdlalo ofanayo," othetha ngokusesikweni ukuba badlala kunye nomnye, kodwa bengabambisani. Oku kukho konke utshintsho kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala. Ngaphezu koko, umntwana wakho ngoku wenza ubuhlobo bakhe kunye noontanga bakhe (mhlawumbi uya kuva konke malunga nabahlobo bakhe esikolweni okanye ekunakekelwa kwelanga) kwaye ufunda indlela yokusebenzisa ukwabelana, intsebenziswano kunye nezinye izinto ezithandekayo kuluntu.
Uphuhliso loLwimi noNxibelelwano: Kule ngongoma, kukho ithuba elihle lokulahlekelwa inani lamagama omntwana wakho othethayo-kwaye ngesizathu esihle, isigama sakho segama lomntwana mhlawumbi ligama elingaphantsi, kwaye uqhuba ngokuzonwabisa ngokuthetha . Umncinane wakho unokukwazi ukuqonda nokulandela izikhokelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngeendlela ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu (ukuba uvakalelwa ukuba uyavuma), kwaye uqala ukuqonda iingcamango zolwimi ezinzima ezinjenge-ngaphakathi, ngezantsi, njl.
Uphuhliso lweCognitive: Ukudlala kwamathathu kuya kuba nobuchule obukhulu kakhulu-umntwana wakho angenza iipuzzles ezincinane, ufunde indlela yokwenza iidyski zisebenze ngokwazo, udlale ukukholelwa, ukwakha izakhiwo kunye neebhloko, nokunye. Uza kuqhubeka nokubona udanga kule minyaka, edla ngokukhawuleza njengempendulo kumntwana ongenakufumana indlela yakhe.
Ukuhamba kunye nokuPhuthukiswa koPhuhliso: Umntwana wakho uhambe ngendlela ende ukusuka "ukuhamba phambili" ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza okuchaza ukuqala kwesiteji esincinane. Njengoko umntanakho usekuhlaleni ukuguga ebudeni bexesha elide, usebenza kwimimandla emide, ukunyuka, mhlawumbi nokuhamba ngebhayisiki. Umntwana wakho unokukwazi ukudweba imifanekiso, engabhalwa kuphela kule ngongoma, kodwa mhlawumbi uya kuba nako ukunitshela ibali malunga noko akudwelayo.
> Imithombo:
> Izinto eziphambili zoPhuhliso. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html. Kugqitywe ngokutsha 8/18/16.
> Ubume bokungenelela kwangaphambili. Isiko soLwazi lweBala kunye neZibonelelo. http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/ei-overview/. Kugcine ukuhlaziywa ngo-3/2014.