Uphuhliso lwabantwana
Ngexesha leminyaka encinane, umntwana wakho uya kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye akhule, afunde izakhono, kwaye akwazi ukusebenzisana nehlabathi ngeendlela ezintsha neendlela ezahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo iyaziwa njengentuthuko, kwaye iquka iinkalo eziliqela, kuquka ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukuphuhlisa umzimba, izakhono zolwimi kunye nophuhliso loluntu.
Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kubhekisela kumandla engqondo, njengokucinga nokucamngca, kunye nokufumana ulwazi kunye nokukwazi ukuqhuba ulwazi.
Ngexesha leminyaka encinane, abazali baya kubona izibonda ezinkulu kule ndawo.
Ukuphuhliswa komzimba kubandakanya ukukhula komntwana kunye nezakhono zabo eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Nangona utshintsho kulo mmandla aluyi kuba lusetshenziswe okanye lukhawuleza njengoko lusenkundleni yesantya, uya kubona iziqithi ezininzi kunye nemida (ngokoqobo) ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwe-3 ubudala.
- Ukuphuhliswa kweemoto ezininzi kubhekiselele kwizakhono ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwemisipha emikhulu, njengemilenze kunye neengalo.
- Ukuphuhlisa imoto emihle kubandakanya izakhono ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemisipha encinci, njengeminwe nezandla.
Izakhono zoLwimi ngenye into ebalulekileyo yokuphuhliswa komntwana. Ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-36, abancinane bahamba ngokusebenzisa amagama ambalwa ukuxhuma imifanekiso kunye nezinto ngokuthetha ngamazwi apheleleyo kunye nokuthetha iingcamango ezingakumbi kunye neengcinga.
Uphuhliso lwezenhlalakahle lubandakanya ukukwazi ukufundela kunye nokulungelelanisa kwimimiselo yoluntu, njengokubonisa iimfuno, ukucela uncedo, kunye nokudlala ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokudlala kunye neqela laontanga, ngelixa ufumana ukuzimela kunye nesimo sengqondo.
Konke oku kukhula kunye nophuhliso kunokubonakala ngathi ngumyalelo omude womntwana omncinci, kodwa abazali baya kukhwankqiswa ngenguqu abayibona kwintsana yabo kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Yaye ngelixa kukho iziganeko eziqhelekileyo zophuhliso eziqhelekileyo zifikelela kumaxesha afanayo kunye nezigaba ezifanayo, bonke abantwana bahlukileyo kwaye bafunda kwaye bahlakulele ngokwabo.
Ukongezelela, akuqhelekanga ukufumana ukuba umntwana omncinci uthanda olunye uhlobo lophuhliso kwelinye. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana omncinci osenokuthetha naye angabonakala elele emva koontanga bakhe ekuphuculweni kwezakhono eziphambili kunye nakwezinye izinto. Kodwa abazali banokuqiniseka-ixesha elininzi, oku kwahlukana kwimihla yokuphuhliswa kwimihla ngemihla embalwa kwaye akuyena mqondiso wokulibaziseka.
Njengomzali, unokukhuthaza njani intuthuko yomntwana wakho? Ngaloo mfana osemncinci, iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bomncinci zingathintela uphuhliso ngokubambisana kakuhle kunye nokungalunganga. Nantsi ingqalelo kwezinye zezinto eziphambili ezinokuchaphazela zonke iinkalo zophuhliso:
Ukutya kunye Nondlo
Abantwazana banomdla wokuba badle ukutya, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba abazali baqinisekise ukuba umntwana omncinci udla ukutya okunomsoco kunye nokutya. Ngokwe-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, umntwana kufuneka adle ukutya kathathu kunye nesibini okanye iintsuku ezimbini ezinokutyiwa rhoqo ngosuku oluqukethe iiprotheyini, i-carbohydrates, kunye namafutha avela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, kubandakanywa iziqhamo, imifuno , inyama, kunye ne-grains. Ukungondleki kokutya okwaneleyo, ukutya okunqongophalayo kwisondlo esifanelekileyo kunye neemaminerali, okanye ukutya okubandakanya ishukela kakhulu kunokuthintela uphuhliso lweengqondo nokukhula ngokomzimba, kubangele ukubola kwezinyo, okanye ukusetha umntwana omncinci kwimicimbi yokunyanya . Abazali kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izidingo zokutya ezisisiseko zomntwana zidibeneyo.
Indawo ephephile
Ukuhlala kwindawo ephephile kunye nekhaya kukubaluleke kakhulu ekuncediseni ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nentlalo kunye nempilo. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezinokubangela ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa ziquka umama obandezelekayo, ezinye iinkalo zempilo yengqondo, ubundlobongela ekhaya, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi / ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye / okanye intlupheko.
Ukongezelela, kubazali abasebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya, ukukhetha umntwana onelungelo, umnakekeli, ukunakekelwa kwamasango , okanye ukufundela esikolweni kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni komntwana wakho kuba umntwana uya kuchitha ubuninzi bexesha lakhe lokunyamekela. Kubalulekile ukufumana indawo ekhuselekileyo, enempilo kunye nenkathalo kumntwana wakho omncinci ukwenzela ukuxhasa i-motor engqondweni, i-motor engaphezulu, izithuthi ezifanelekileyo, iimpawu zengqondo kunye nezentlalo njengoko umntwana wakho ehamba phambili kwisigaba esincinane.
Ukudlala kunye nokusebenzisana
Ukuze abancinci bafunde kwaye baphuhlise, kubalulekile ukuba abanakekeli banxibelelane nabantwana ngendlela enothando, enokhathalela kwaye banikeze ngamathuba okuhlola, ukudala nokudlala. Kubantwana abasenkundleni okanye izicwangciso zasesikolweni, uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana unokufikelela kwimidlalo yokudala, njengamathoyizi, iincwadi, kunye nezobugcisa , ezinceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokuqonda kunye nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, kwaye ukhuthazwa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba umdlalo osebenzayo, oqinisa imisipha kwaye unceda abancinci ukuba bathuthukise izakhono zamandla ezithinteleyo.
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Ukuba Uyahlukana, Yilokho Okumele Uthi Kubantwana Bakho
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Indlela Yokuthetha Nabantwana NgamaGuns ngokusebenzisa iiAgesi
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba abazali kunye nabanye abanakekeli banxibelelana nabaselula. Ukuthetha nabantwana, ukudlala nabo, kunye nokubakhuthaza kubancedisa ukuphuhlisa ngokomoya nangentlalo. Ukuqhagamshelana nabantu abadala kuyimpawu ebalulekileyo yokufumana ulwimi.
Ukulala
Siyazi ukuba ukungabikho kokulala kungabangela ukuba abantwana bangabi nantoni, bethandana neengqungquthela, kwaye ngokubanzi i-cranky, kodwa ukulala ngenye yeemfuno eziphambili zokukhula nokuphuhliswa kwezempilo kubantwana abancinci. Ukulala ngqo kuthintela uphuhliso lwezobuchopho-kunye nabantwana abaselula basadinga iiyure ezili-11 ukuya kwezi-14 zokulala imihla ngemihla, kubandakanya enye ukuya kweyesibini, ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, akuqhelekanga ukuba umntwana usele ubunzima bokulala, kwanaxa wayelele ngokusana. Njengoko umntwana uyazi ngakumbi ngendawo yakhe, ukwesaba ebusuku, ukukhathazeka, ukuxhalaba, ukwahlula, ukukwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nokukwazi ukufumana umbhede ngaphandle kokuncediswa ngumzali kunokubangela ukuba kube neengxaki zokulala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba usebenze. kunye nomncinci wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulala ngokwaneleyo .
Uxhala lwezokwelapha
Uphuhliso olusesikweni oluqhelekileyo lunokuthi lukhutshwe yiingxaki zonyango, eziquka izifo ezingapheliyo okanye ezinye izifo ezinzima ezilibazisa ukukhula ngokomzimba; ukuhlala esibhedlele ezininzi kwizifo ezinzulu kunokuthintela uphuhliso loluntu; kwaye ukuva okanye ukubonakala kokuphazamiseka kungathintela uphuhliso loluntu.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba abantwana abazalelwe kwangaphambili baye bahlengahlengisa ixesha lokuphuhliswa kunye nemigqaliselo ngokusebenzisa abantwana nabantwana abaselula. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntwana wakho ozelwe emva kweeveki ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba afumane umhla, intlawulelo yophuhliso lomntwana wakho iya kutshintshwa ukuba izalwe ngosuku lwakhe. Kwabaninzi abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, inkqubela phambili yophuhliso iya kufumaneka kwibala eliqhelekileyo ngokweminyaka engama-2.4 Ukuba umntwana wakho akanako, unokufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo kunye neendlela zokungenelela, oza kuthiwa ootitshala bezilwanyana baya kukucebisa.
Ukuphuculwa kwePhuhliso
Akunabo bonke abantwana abakhula ngezinga elifanayo, kodwa kukho iziganeko eziphambili zogcino oogqirha abanethemba lokuzibona ngexesha elithile, kwaye kungenelelo olunjengokuthetha, umzimba, okanye unyango lwabaqeshwa xa kunokwenzeka ukuba incinci ayizange ifinyelele ingqungquthela ephambili kwisicetywayo uluhlu. Ootitshala bezilwanyana baya kujonga inkqubela yengane yakho ekutyeleleni ngokufanelekileyo, ezifana nokutshekisha ugqirha wakho xa umntwana wakho engaguli, okanye iigciwane ngexesha lokutyelela ngokufanelekileyo, okuza kubakho kwiinyanga ezili-12, iinyanga ezili-18, iinyanga ezingama-24 kunye neenyanga ezingama-36.
Ukubamba intuthuko yomntwana wakho, udokotela wakho wezingane uza kubuza imibuzo malunga nendlela umntwana odlala ngayo, uhamba, asebenzisana nabanye, athetha, aphendule imibuzo okanye izikhombandlela kunye nemibuzo malunga nokuziphatha okuzimeleyo njengokutya okanye ukugqoka. Uninzi lwabahlengikazi basebenzisa i-Ages kunye neMigangatho yemibuzo, isisombululo esisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kubantwana ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya kwi-6 yobudala. Abazali bacelwa ukuba bazalise le mibuzo ngaphambi kokutyelela, okucela uchungechunge lwemibuzo elinganisa ukunxibelelana komntwana wakho, ingxaki ukuxazulula iingxaki, izakhono zentlalo, ezentlalontle, kunye nezakhono ezintle. Le khweshine yenzelwe ukukunceda ukuchonga abantwana abasengozini yokuphuculwa kokuphuculwa , kunye nokukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kwabazali ekuphuhlisweni komntwana.
Ingaba uzalisa i-questionnaire okanye uthetha nje ugqirha, injongo kukufumanisa ukulibaziseka kwaye ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo ezinokuxhasa umntwana osemncane, owaziwa ngokuthi "ukungenelela kwangaphambili." Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula nokuLawula, " eUnited States, malunga neepesenti ezingama-13 zabantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ukuya kwe-17 ubudala abanokukhubazeka okuphuhliswayo okanye ukuziphatha okufana ne-autism, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqalelo / ukungabikho kwempilo. Ukongezelela, abantwana abaninzi banokulibazisa ngolwimi okanye ezinye iindawo ezinokuchaphazela ukulungelelwa kwesikolo. "Ngaphambili kwangoku kubakho ukulibaziseka nokukhubazeka, ngokukhawuleza umntwana unokuxhaswa ngeenkonzo zokungenelela kwangethuba. Iinkonzo zokungenelela kwangethuba ngokukhethekileyo iintsana kunye nabantwana abaselula kwaye banokunceda umntwana enze uphuculo olunzulu kwizakhono zophuhliso. Ezi nkonzo ziquka iindlela zokunceda umntwana afunde ukusebenzisana nabanye, ahambe, axoxe, aphucule iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo kwi-stimuli yesenzo, nangaphezulu.
Ukuba ukhathazekile ngophuhliso lomntwana wakho, khumbula ukuba abantwana bahlakulela kwiimigangatho ezahlukeneyo, kwaye, njengabantu abadala, yonke into encinane inamakhono anamandla kunabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ungayihoyi imiqondiso yokuxwayisa. Okokuqala, qhagamshelana nezingane zakudala zakho ukuba unokhathazeka. Ugqirha wengane yakho iya kubuza imibuzo kwaye inokukuthumela kwi-ingcali yongenelelo yangaphambili ukwenzela ukuhlolwa kwenkcazo enzulu. Ingcali iza kubeka iliso kwi-encinci yakho encinci njengoko ihamba naye kumqolo weemidlalo okanye imisebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana, kunye nokuxoxisana nabazali okanye umgcini-nkathalo, ingcali iya kuncoma umntwana ukuba angene kwiinkonzo zokungenelela kwangaphambili okanye kungekhona. Ukuba umntwana akadingi iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo, unokufuna ukulandelelana kunye nokuhlola kwinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu ukuze uhlaziywe kwakhona.
> Imithombo:
> Abantwana kunye nokulala. Foundation National Foundation. https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-topics/children-and- sleep.
> Dahl RE. Ukulala kunye noPhuhliso lweBongo. Ukulala . 2007; 30 (9): 1079-1080.
> Ukuphuculwa koPhuhliso kunye nokuHlola. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/screening.html. Kugcine ukuhlaziywa: 2/23/2016
> Ukutya kunye Nondlo: Uneminyaka emibini ubudala. I-American Academy yePediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Feeding-and-Nutrition-Your-Te-Year-Old.aspx. Kuhlaziywa ngokutsha: 11/21/2015
> Preemie Milestones. I-American Academy yePediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/Pages/Preemie-Milestones.aspx. Kuhlaziywa ngokutsha: 11/21/2015