Ukufunyaniswa kwe-dyslexia njani? Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezifunekayo kwaye yintoni omele uyazi ukuze umntwana akho afanelekele iinkonzo zemfundo ezizodwa?
Sibanzi
I-Dyslexia yenye yeendidi ezininzi zokufunda iingxaki. Ixesha elibanzi, ukukhubazeka kokufunda ekufundeni , kubandakanya iDyslexia kunye nezinye iingxaki zokufunda. Kungenzeka ukuba umfundi abe neempawu zeDyslexia ezinengxaki kodwa ezingakhubaza-okanye ukuba neempawu ezenza ukufunda nokubhala kungeke kwenzeke.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zeDyslexia ziyahluka kwaye zingaquka:
- Ukubona iileta ngasemva
- Ukubona amagama kunye neencwadana ezizungezela kwiphepha
- Ukungakwazi ukwahlula iileta ezifanayo omnye komnye (d ukusuka kwib, umzekelo)
- Ukungakwazi ukudibanisa iibhali ezibhaliweyo okanye ukudibanisa ileta kunye nezandi ezihambelana nazo
- Ukukwazi ukufunda amagama kodwa akakwazi ukuqonda amagama njengoko efundwayo
Dysgraphia
Ingxaki ehambelana nayo, i- dysgraphia , ibandakanya ukungakwazi ukubhala amagama, ukungakwazi ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama athetha kunye neencwadi ezibhaliweyo, okanye ukuthambekela ukubhala iincwadi ngokungalunganga. Abantu abane-dysgraphia banakho okanye bangabi dyslexic. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-dysgraphia: i-Dyslexic dysgraphia, i-motor dysgraphia kunye ne-dysgraphia yendawo. Nge-Dyslexic dysgraphia, itekisi ebhalwe ngokukhawuleza ayikho mthethweni kodwa ukukopisha itekisi kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
Ukuxilongwa
I-Dyslexia ifunyaniswa ukuba isebenze uvavanyo olupheleleyo oluxubileyo.
Oku kubandakanya:
Uvavanyo lweengqondo: Uvavanyo lobunzima luvavanyo olubalulekayo olunika imvelaphi jikelele yokufunda enokukunceda ukuhlukanisa iDyslexia kwezinye iimeko.
Uvavanyo lwezemfundo: iimvavanyo zokuphumelela eziqhelekileyo yenye enye indlela ebalulekileyo yokuqhubeka nokubonisa ukufunda komntwana wakho.
Uvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa kolwimi: Kukho imiba emininzi yentetho nolwimi oluvandlakanywa ekuxilongweni kweDyslexia. Ezi ziquka:
- Izakhono zolwimi zomlomo
- Ukuqaphela igama
- Ukumisela
- Upelo
- Ukuqonda
- Isigama solwazi
- Ufunda isicatshulwa
- Ukusetyenziswa kwePhonologic okanye ukutolika "izandi" ngolwimi
Ulwazi olubalulekayo olwenza ukuba uhlaziyo luquka:
- Ukuqwalaselwa komntwana osebenza ngolwimi
- Ukufakwa kootitshala
- Ukufakelwa kwabazali
- Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi wabafundi
- Imbali yophuhliso , ingakumbi ukuvavanywa kwanoma yikuphi ukulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa
- Imbali yoluntu kuquka imeko yokuhlala, abazali, abantakwabo kunye nezinye izinto.
Ngethuba lokuvavanya, abahloli bafuna ubungqina bentsholongwane kunye nokulawula ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuba abafundi bafunde iinjongo zokufunda kunye neelwimi. Izinto zokulawula ziquka:
- Ukungabi nemfundo
- Ukungabi khona kwezizathu ngezizathu ezifana nokugula okanye ngenxa yesikolo
- Iinkalo zentlalo nezoqoqosho
- Iingxaki zomzimba ezifana nobunzima bokuva okanye ubunzima bombono.
Abantwana abaneDyslexia bafanelekile njani kwiiNkonzo eziZimfuneko eziZodwa?
Ukuhlangabeza izikhokelo ze-federal ukufumana iinkonzo zemfundo ezizodwa, umfundi onokuDyslexia kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno zokufaneleka ngokusekelwe kwizikhokelo ezibekwe liSebe lakhe lemfundo.
Ulungelelwanakho lunokumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwelinye leendlela ezilandelayo:
I-Aptitude / Impumelelo Yokungafani Nendlela
Indlela yokufaneleka / ukuphumelela kwemfuno idinga umfundi ukuba ahlangabezane nazo zonke ezi zilandelayo migaqo ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka:
- Umlinganiselo wovavanyo lweengqondo kwiqondo eliphakathi okanye ngaphezulu
- Izikolo zokufunda kunye / okanye iimvavanyo zelwimi ezibhaliweyo ezingaphantsi kweengxelo zabo zokuvavanya
- Akukho zizathu ezikhoyo zokungaphumeleli kwesikolo yinto
Impendulo kwiNkqubo yoLungiso
Impendulo yoNgeniso yindlela yokumisela izinga lokukhubazeka kwaye yafakwa ngo-2004 Ukugunyaziswa kwakhona kwabantu abaneMfundo yoKhubazeka kweMfundo (IDEA).
Ukuchonga ukuba ngaba le ndlela isetyenziswe ngurhulumente wakho, qhagamshelana neSebe lezemfundo leofisi yezemfundo kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yemfundo. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo afunekayo ngendlela ahlukahluka ukusuka kummandla ukuya kutsho, kodwa ngokubalulekileyo, kubandakanya amanqanaba amathathu angenelelo kunye nokuchongwa:
Inqanaba I: Umfundi uboniswe kwimfundo efanelekileyo ekufundeni nasekubhaliseni. Ukuba uyaqhubeka efumana ubunzima, uya kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokungenelela.
Inqanaba II: Umfundi ufumana ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba uyaqhubeka nobunzima, uqhubela phambili kumgangatho olandelayo wokungenelela.
Inqanaba III: Eli nqanaba liza kuqala ukufakwa kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yemfundo.
Impendulo kwindlela yokungenelela yenzelwe ngokuyinceda ukunceda abantwana abawela kwiintlukwano-abo abanengxaki yokufunda engafumanekiyo kodwa bengenamandla okwanele ukufumana imfundo ekhethekileyo.
Ukubhekiselele Umntwana Wakho Wokuvavanya
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba umntwana wakho unokuhlala neDyslexia, isinyathelo esilandelayo sifumana ukuhanjiswa kokuvavanywa .
Imithombo:
ULyytinen, H., Erskine, J., Hamalainen, J., uTorppa, M., noMn. Ronimus. I-Dyslexia-Ukuqatshelwa kweNkqubela kunye nokuSithintela kwangaphambili: eziphambili kwiJyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Iingxelo zeengxaki eziPhuhlisayo . 2015. 2 (4): 330-338.