Kwihlabathi eligqibeleleyo, abatsha baya kuthetha nabazali babo ngezenzo zabo zesondo. Baya kubazali babo ngemibuzo malunga nempilo yabo yokuzala okanye baxoxe ngokunyanisekileyo malunga nezicwangciso zabo zokuziphatha ngokwesondo. Kwaye, abazali baya kunika imfundo malunga nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nezokwezesondo.
Ngelishwa, ezininzi zezo ncoko azizange zenzeke.
Ngaba ngaba abazali bakhe bayaxhalaba kwiintetho zakhe okanye banamahloni ukubuza imibuzo malunga nocansi, abaninzi abatsha abaziva bakhululekile ukuya kubazali babo.
Kodwa intsha eninzi iziva ikhululekile ukuthetha noogqirha malunga nezigqibo zesondo kunye nokukhathazeka kokuzala. Ukumangalisa kubazali abathile, umntwana uselula ukuvavanya ukukhulelwa okanye ukuphathwa ngamagciwane omzimba ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali.
Nangona imithetho yaseburhulumenteni iyahluka kwiinkcukacha, intsha yakho inelungelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluyimfihlo kunye nolwabelana ngesondo. Kodwa abaninzi abazali abaqinisekanga ukuba oko kuthetha ukuthini. Bazibuza izinto ezifana:
- Ngaba umntwana wam unokukhupha ngaphandle kokuba ndiyazi?
- Ukuba ugqirha afunda ukuba umntwana wam unesifo esithathelwana ngesondo, ngaba ugqirha uya kundixelela?
- Ukuba intombi yam ikhulelwe, ngaba ndingamgxeka ukuba unike umntwana ukuba athathe umntwana?
- Ingaba ugqirha unika indodakazi yam i-HPV igonyamelo nokuba ndifuni ukuba abe nayo?
Amalungelo akho asemntwaneni kwiNgcaciso yezoNgcaciso lwezeMpilo
Ukufihlakele phakathi koogqirha kunye nesigulane-nangona xa isigulane sincinci-kubalulekile kwimpilo enhle. Intsha eninzi ayinakunyaniseka kunye noogqirha xa becinga ukuba ulwazi lwabo lwezempilo luchazwe kubazali babo.
Ukongezelela, abaninzi abatsha abanakufuna ukukhulelwa kwezilwanyana okanye unyango malunga nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi xa abazali babo bekufuneka bathathe inxaxheba ekutyunjweni.
Ucwaningo lwengingqi lwabantwana abaselula, kuphela i-20 ekhulwini yabaselula bathi baya kuthetha nodokotela ngokulawulwa kokuzalwa, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo xa ugqirha wagunyazisiwe ukunika ulwazi kubazali babo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngoxanduva lwezesondo kunye nolwaphulo oluthile olungenalo ulutsha aluhloswanga ukugcina abazali emnyama. Nangona kunjalo, kwakuthetha ukunika abantwana ithuba lokufumana uncedo lwezempilo olubalulekileyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, iintsholongwane ezininzi ezithandana ngesondo zingaphathwa kakubi kwaye abaninzi abantwana abanakho ukufikelela ekulawuleni ukuzalwa.
Ufihlakele ngaphezu kwezempilo yokuzala kubantwana. Abaselula banelungelo lokufumana impilo yengqondo eyimfihlo nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Kwamanye amazwe, oogqirha banokufumana uncedo olusisiseko sokutyhila ulwazi oluyimfihlo lwezesondo. Kwamanye amazwe, oogqirha banentlonelo encinane ekunqumeni ukuba ingaba yintoni inomdla omncinci kumzali oza kwaziswa.
Ukhuseleko kunye noCwangciso loNtsapho
Imilinganiselo yokukhulelwa kwabafundi sele ihla e-United States kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kunye neengcali zikholelwa ukuba oku kuyingxenye ngenxa yokufikelela kokufikelela ekulawuleni ukuzalwa. Kule minyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, amazwe athe wandise amandla omntwana ukuba afumane ukufikelela kweso sokukhulelwa ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali.
Okwangoku, i-21 ithi kwaye iSithili saseColumbia sivumela ngokucacileyo abantwana ukuba bavume iinkonzo zokukhulelwa. Abazali akudingeki ukuba baxelelwe ukuba umntwana unikwe ulawulo lokuzalwa.
Abanye bathi bavumela abancinci ukuba bavume phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njenge:
- Ukuba ugqirha ugqiba incinci ibhekane nenengozi yempilo ngokungabikho kwenkonzo yokukhulelwa
- Ukuba umntwana okhulelwe okanye ukhulelwe ngaphambili
- Ukuba umntwana usele uphumelele isikolo esiphakamileyo okanye ufikelele kwiminyaka ethile yobuncinane
- Ukuba umntwana ubonisa "ukukhula"
- Ukuba uchwepheshe, njengomnye ugqirha okanye ilungu labafundisi, ubhekisela encinane kwiinkonzo
Phantsi kweemeko ezininzi, intsha ingafumana iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, iikhondom, ukukhulelwa kwangokukhawuleza kunye nezinye izinto zokukhusela ngaphandle kobazali babo ngolwazi.
I-HPV Vaccine
Ezinye iintlobo ze-papillomavirus yabantu zidluliselwa ngesondo. Nangona ezinye iifom ze-HPV zingakhokelela emdlalweni wesibeleko somlomo wesibeleko, abanye bangakhokelela kwiimfazwe zesini. Ezinye iintlobo zibonakala zingenazo iziphumo ezinobungozi.
I-vaccine ye-HPV ikhusela malunga neentlobo ze-HPV ezibangelwa amaninzi amatyala omhlaza wesibeleko kunye neengxabano zomzimba. I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics kunye ne-American Academy ye-Physicians of Family batusa ukuba onke amakhwenkwe namantombazana athole i-HPV yokugonya kwi-11 okanye 12.
Nangona kunjalo, abazali abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nokugonya kwaye abafuni ukuba umntwana abe nayo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, abantwana bafuna isitofu, nangona abazali babo bechasene.
Kwamanye amazwe, abantwana banokufumana isitofu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabachasi bazali babo. Kwamanye amazwe, nangona kunjalo, abazali kufuneka banike imvume ngaphambi kokuba kugonywe isitofu.
Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa nokuCetyiswa
Abaselula banokuthenga iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa kwe-counter-counter kwi-store ngaphandle kolwazi lwabazali. Bangaphinda bafune ukuvavanya ukukhulelwa kunye nokucebisa kumgqirha ngaphandle kwemvume yomzali.
Phantsi kwamaxesha amaninzi, ugqirha akayi kukutyhila ukuba umntwana wakho uthathe uvavanyo lokukhulelwa. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha uya kuthetha nentombazana malunga nokukhetha kwakhe kwaye umxelele ngamalungelo akhe kwimeko yakho.
Inkathalo yabantwana
Amazwe angamashumi amathathu nantathu kunye neSithili sase-Columbia banemithetho ecacisa ngokucacileyo abantwana banokuvuma ukunyamekela kokubeleka. Amanye amazwe avumela ugqirha ukuba anikezele ngononophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka kodwa avumele ukuba ugqirha axelele abazali xa unomdla oncinci.
Ukuvavanya nokuPhathwa kweZifo zoTyhulo
Zonke iivumela zivumela abantwana ukuba bavume ukuvavanya kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Ngoko umntwana osemncinci okhwaza ukuba unokufumana i-STI angacela ugqirha wakhe ukuba ahlole uvavanyo. Emva koko, unokumiselwa imishanguzo okanye uyenze inkqubo yokunyangwa kosuleleko.
Ezilishumi elinesibhozo zivumela ukuba ugqirha axelele umzali xa enomdla osemncinci. Kodwa, oko akuthethi ugqirha unyanzelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nabazali.
Amaninzi anemiyalelo eyahlukileyo ejongene novavanyo lwe-HIV kunye nonyango. Nangona ezinye iincwadi zivumela abancinci ukuba bavume unyango, abanye bathi igunya lokuba ugqirha makaxelele umzali ukuba iimvavanyo ezincinci zilungile.
Ukukhupha isisu
Naphezu kokuncipha kwabaselula ababelethisayo, amantombazana angama-250 000 asetsheni ahlala ekhulelwe minyaka yonke. Izifundo ziqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-75 zazo zikhulelwe azifunanga.
Phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwe-19 ngo-2011, malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zokukhulelwa zaphela ekuzalweni. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-26 zolutsha zakhupha isisu.
Imimiselo yokukhipha isisu kubantwana ihluka ukusuka kummandla ukuya kwilizwe. I-Connecticut, iMaine, neSithili sase-Columbia vumela abantwana ukuba bavume ukukhipha isisu ngaphandle kwesaziso sabazali.
Amazwe angamashumi amabini ananye adinga imvume enye yomzali kwisisu somntwana. Kodwa, ezi-12 zifuna ukuba ubuncinane umzali omnye uyaziswa ngokukhipha isisu, kodwa lowo mzali akadingeki ukuba anike imvume.
Amanye amazwe afuna umntu omdala anike imvume, kodwa umntu omdala akayi kuba ngumzali. Ukhokho okanye umakhulukazi, umzekelo, unokukwazi ukunika imvume.
Ezinye iivumela ukuba abantwana bakwazi ukugqithisa abazali ngokufumana imvume yesikhala. Ijaji inokuxolela umntwana ukuba axelele umzali phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njengokuba umzali engadlali indima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yobutsha okanye xa kukho ubungqina bokusetyenziswa kakubi.
Ukwamukelwa
Uninzi luvumela ukuba umntwana amise umntwana ukuba amkelwe ngaphandle kwemvume evela kubazali bawo. Izizwe ezilishumi zidinga ukuba umntu omdala athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwamkelwa.
Iimfuno ezine zifuna abazali baselula ukuba bavume ngaphambi kokuba bangenise umntwana ukuze bamkele umntwana. IPennsylvania ifuna ukuba abazali baxelelwe, kodwa akudingeki ukuba banike imvume.
Amanye amazwe adinga ukuba abantwana baneminyaka engama-16 ubudala ngaphambi kokuba bavunyelwe ukunika imvume. Ezinye iivumela ukuba imvume yomzali ikhutshwe ukuba umntwana "unelisekile ngokwaneleyo kwaye uyaziswa kakuhle."
Ekugqibeleni, iimbalwa ezimbalwa zinika isiluleko somthetho esimiselwe inkundla ukuba simele encinane kwinkundla. Umcebisi wezomthetho uncedisa ukuthotyelwa kweentlanganiso.
Imvume kwiNyango yezoNyango kwiNtsana
Ukuba umntwana oneminyaka engama-16 unomntwana, kwaye umntwana ufuna ukuhlinzwa, uneminyaka engama-16 unokunika imvume? Kwamanye amazwe, impendulo nguyebo.
Phantse onke amazwe avumela umntwana omzali ukuba avume ukunakekelwa kwempilo yengane. Kodwa, akusiyo yonke into evumela ukuba umntwana avume ukuhlinzwa.
Ingxelo eMiselweyo
Oogqirha banikwe igunya labanyathelisi bexhatshazo kunye nokunyanzelwa. Ngoko phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ugqirha unokufunwa ngumthetho ukunika ulwazi kwiinkonzo zokukhusela abantwana.
Ukuba umfana oneminyaka eyi-14 ubonisa ukuba usebenza ngokwesondo kunye nendoda eneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, umzekelo, ugqirha unokufuneka ukuba azise iziphathamandla ukuba uxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Ugqirha unokukwazisa nabazali ukuba umntwana osemtsha uhlaselwa ngokwesondo.
Izindlela Unokuzifumana Ngengozi Ngendlela Yokunakekelwa Kwempilo Yakho Yemntwana
Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba umntwana wakho engakutshilo-kwaye ugqirha akayikutyhila-akuthethi ukuba awuyi kufumana. Ukuba umntwana wakho usetyenziswa i-inshorensi yakho yezempilo, unokufumana inkcazelo yeenzuzo kwi-imeyile. Kodwa, wakho umntwana uya kubuza ugqirha ukuba angayikhokheli i-inshurensi yakho.
Iiklinikhi ezininzi zinika iinkonzo zamahhala kunye nezindleko eziphantsi kweentsha. Ngoko, wakho umntwana uya kukwazi ukuhlawula unyango lwakhe, okanye akayi kuhlawula nayiphi na into.
Kananjalo ungasifumana isikhumbuzo sokuba umntwana wakho unesigqeba sokugqithiswa kwegqirha kwifowuni yakho ukuba umntwana wakho angafuni ukuba iofisi ingabiza. Okanye, usenokwenzeka ukuba ubone umyalezo wesicatshulwa kwi-pharmacy ukukhumbuza umntwana wakho ukuba athathe umyalelo wakhe.
Khuthaza Intsha Yakho Ukuba Ize Kuwe
Akukho mzali ofuna ukushiywa ebumnyameni malunga nempilo yengane yakho. Ukubamba ingxoxo evulekile neyobuxoki malunga nentlobano yesini kunye nentombazana yakho kubalulekile ukukhuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba afike kuwe.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuvumela umntwana wakho akhulume nodokotela ngasese. Ukuba uya kwiindawo zokuqeshwa kwabantwana bakho, zinikele ukuzithethelela imizuzu embalwa ukuze umntwana wakho abuze imibuzo okanye abhengeze ulwazi olungenakuziva ukhululekile ukuthetha naye.
> Imithombo
> I-Guttmacher Institute: Inkcazo yokuLawula iMithetho
> I-Guttmacher Institute: Inkcazo yoMthetho weMvume kaMancinci
> HealthyChildren.org: Ulwazi ngolutsha: Okufuneka Ukwazi Ngobumfihlo
> I-New York Civil Liberties Union: IKhowudi yokuBhenela: Amalungelo amancinci ukuya kwiNgcaciso yokuThumela nokuNakekelwa kwezeMpilo eNtsholongwane eNew York
> I-Ofisi yezeMpilo yeNtsholongwane: Iintlobo zeNtombi yokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa