Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhayisa ngenye yezinto ezibuhlungu kakhulu kwiintsapho kwihlabathi jikelele. Xa usana luzalwa ngaphambi kokuba iiveki ezingama-37 ubudala, umntwana uthathwa njengengaphambi kwexesha. E-US, ngokwe-CDC, malunga neyodwa kwiintsana ezili-10 zizalwa ngokukhawuleza, iingcamango zokucinga ziye zenyuka zenyuka kwiminyaka yamuva nje.
Ngo-Matshi weDimes ichaza ukuba, ngelanga, ixabiso lokungcoliswa kwemvelo libonakala lihla, kodwa abantwana abangaphezu kwama-380,000 bazalwa ngaphambi kokuqala unyaka ngamnye.
Kwaye kwihlabathi lonke, ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqeka kuseyona nto ibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
Kutheni Ingxaki Yokuqhawuka Kwengxaki Ingxaki Kwabantwana
I-CDC iyaphawula ukuba ukubola kwangaphambili kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi kwiintsana. Akukuphela nje ukufa ukubeka ingozi-kwaye ingozi yokufa ikhula kwangaphambili umntwana uzalelwe-kodwa umntwana ubhekene neengxaki ezinjenge:
- Iingxaki zokuphefumula
- Ingxaki yokutya
- Umvakalelo yokitazo
- Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo
- Ingxaki zo mbono
- Ukuvalela ukungaphumeleli
Umngcipheko weengxaki zezinsana ezizalwe kwangaphambili zihluka ngokuthe ngqo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela umntwana azalwa ngayo kwangaphambili . Nangona naluphi na umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kweiveki ezingama-37 kuthathwa njengengqanda, kukho iindidi ezahlukileyo zokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. Umzekelo, umntwana ozalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-32 neye-37 uthathwa njengesiqhelo ukuya kwisantya sokugqibela, umntwana ophakathi kweveki ezingama-28 ukuya kwe-32 uyindawo yokuqala, kwaye umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-28 uhamba phambili.
Ngenxa yokuba izinga lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili liphezulu kakhulu, kunene abantu abadala kakhulu kunokuba banamathuba anzima ngenxa yesantya njengengana.
Ngokubanzi, kuyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yehlabathi lonke ukunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yokungcoliseka kweentsapho.
Ngaba Ingqungquthela Yobuncedo Ngaba Uncedo Lokuqala?
Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ezingabantwana abangaphambi kwintsana zijongene nemipomphu engaphili. Xa iintsana zizalwa ngokukhawuleza, imiphunga yabo ayikwazi ukuphuhlisa kakuhle kwaye ikhokelela kubaninzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukuba iintsana ziphila, ezinye iingxaki zesikhathi eside.
Oogqirha baye bazama ukuza nezisombululo zokunceda imiphunga yengane. Okwangoku, oogqirha basebenzisa i-steroid kwimiphunga yomntwana ukuzama ukunceda imiphunga engaphantsi kwexesha, kodwa ngokukodwa kubantwana abaselula, badinga uncedo oluninzi kunokuba i-steroid inikezela.
Yona nto leyo izazinzulu zithemba ukuba ukungenisa isibeleko esinokubangela ukuba uncede ukunika iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha elide ekufuneka ziphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngophando lwango-2017 olukhutshwe kwiNdalo , abaphandi baye baqalisa impumelelo yesizalo esisenziweyo samabhokhwe. Baye bakwazi ukugcina iintsholongwane zegusha kwisibeleko inyanga yonke, kungekho zinkathazo zempilo.
Ingaba isebenza kanjani
Isibeleko sokufakelwa sisistim somsebenzi esenzelwe ukwenza njengesizalo. Isebenzisa inhlanganisela yeplastiki yesikhwama seplastiki, iimpompo, abaxhasi begesi ukugcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo ye-oksijini, kunye nezihlungi zokugcina uxinzelelo. Mhlawumbi inkulu kakhulu, yinkqubo yesiphaluli evaliweyo, nto ithetha ukuba ixelisa imeko yangempela yesizalo. Xa umntwana ekhulayo kwisibeleko, ivaliwe kwihlabathi langaphandle kwaye umntwana akaphefumli umoya. Kunoko, imiphunga igcinwa kwindawo ehlala i-amniotic fluid kwaye umntwana ufumana i-oksijini yayo kwi-placenta endaweni yokuphefumla emiphakeni.
Oku kunceda imiphunga iqokelele ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ifune ukuqala ukuphefumula umoya ngokwabo.
Ukujonga ukuphuhliswa kweebhokhwe, uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana beemvana babenokukhula ngokomzimba, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nemiphunga. Amawundlu akwazi ukuhlala ngempumelelo kwisibeleko esingama-4 kwiiveki. Oku kungabonakali njengexesha elide, kodwa kwihlabathi lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili, ngokoqobo imihla ngemihla inokwenza umehluko ekuphuhlisweni kwengane.
Ngaba Ngaba AbakwaMasiboni Abangamaqhinga Bakuba Ixesha Elizayo?
Ngaba siya kuba sibona iintsana ezisekuqaleni kwimizimba yokufakelwa izibhedlele zethu eziza kubhedlele kwizibhedlele zethu ezizayo? Mhlawumbi kungekudala nangoko.
Kukho umsebenzi omningi omele ukwenziwa ukuzisa iteknoloji kwindawo ekulungele ukusetyenziswa ngayo iintsana zabantu.
Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bangaphantsi kwesibeleko banethemba lokuba baqale ukuvavanya isibeleko esenzelwe iintsana zabantwana ngexesha elifutshane, ngaphakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwe-5. Ngoko ke, ngethemba, kwikamva, isibeleko esinokuthi sibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphatheni ingxaki yokungcoliseka kweentsapho.
> Imithombo:
> Iziko zeZifo, ukuLawula kunye nokuKhusela. (2017). Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm
> Partridge, E. et al. (2017, uEpreli 25). Inkqubo eyongezelelweyo yokuxhasa umzimba ngokuxhasa i-lamb yangaphambili. Uhlobo loNxibelelwano 8. I-doi: 10.1038 / i-ncomms15112. https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15112
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. (2016, Novemba). Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/