"Umntwana onqatshiwe" ngumntwana oshiywe ngaphandle kwaye engathandwa yiontanga yakhe. Abantwana abalahliweyo ngenye yeentlobo zintlanu ze- sociometric , okanye oontanga, imimiselo, inkqubo yokwenza udidi lwentlalo loluntu ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo zontanga kulowo mntwana. Abanye oontanga banokuthanda umntwana olahlekileyo kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa umntwana uyaqabile ukuba uyaphi na, uchongiwe njengomhlobo ontle .
Abantwana abalahlwayo baThengise ukuBonisa iiNtlawulo ezithile
Abantwana abalahliweyo bahlala bexhaphaza okanye bexhalabele kwaye baxoshwa. Kukho nawuphi na umzekelo, abadala kufuneka bathathe ixesha lokuchonga ukuba ngaba iziphathamandla ezinxulumene nokugatywa ziyimbangela yokugatywa- okanye umphumo.
Abagxekayo abantwana abaye balahla bahlala besetyenziselwa ukutshutshisa ngokwenyama , ngomlomo, nakweentlalo. Ezinye okanye zonke ezi zinto zihlaselwa ngumzekelo wokuqala wokutshatyalaliswa koontanga. Ngelishwa, nangona kunjalo, ubugwenxa ngokwalo buya kuqhubeka kunye nokukhalulwa ixesha elide .
Abantwana abalahliweyo banokuthatha isenzo sokurhoxiswa, ukuthula, nokungonwabi . Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana abanjalo banomdla okanye bangabonwa ngokuba "hlukile." Imiba enjalo inokubangelwa yintlupheko yophuhliso. I-Autism, i-ADHD, ingxaki yokunyanzelisa-intliziyo, ukuxhalaba kweentlalo, okanye ukuxinezeleka kungakhokelela ekuziphatheni okungavamile okanye okuphazamisayo. Ukwahlukahluka kunokubangelwa nemiba engokwenyama, ukungaboni, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, njl njl.
Ukongezelela, ukungafani kokuziphatha nokusetyenziswa kolwimi kunokubangelwa ngumntwana ovela kwenkcubeko okanye ubuhlanga obuhluke kwiyobuninzi babantwana kwisikolo esithile.
Ukuphepha Ukugatywa
Abanye abantwana abaneengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwaye ezingenakukhunjulwa banamakhono anzululuntu anokwenza ukuba iintlukwano zingabalulekanga.
Oku kunjalo, akunjalo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unenkqubela yokuphuhlisa okanye yomzimba, okanye iilwimi okanye izithintelo zenkcubeko, unokumnceda ukuba alungiselele ukusebenzisana nentlalo . Ukuqeqeshwa, abahlobo beentanga, iiklasi zentlalo yezakhono, kunye nezinye iindlela zingancedisa umntwana wakho alungiselele ukubandakanya intlalo kwisimo sesikolo.
Sebenza kwiingxaki zoThutho
Unokukunceda umntwana wakho ukuba agweme ukukhishwa ngokusebenzisana naye kwiingxaki zengxaki ezinokubangela iingxaki. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kungaquka:
- Isisu esilisayo
- Ukukhethwa kweNose
- Ukukhupha iingcamango okanye iimpendulo
- Ukuqwalasela okanye ukuziqhayisa
- Ukuphazamisa
- Ukwaziswa kwezenhlalakahle, ezingabangela ukugxininisa ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo; kutshintsha isihloko kwisifundo esithandekayo; ngokusondelana kakhulu komnye umntwana; ukuthinta abanye abantwana okanye wena, njl njl
Ukulwa nokuLawulwa
Ukuze uncede umntwana wakho anqobe ukulahlwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda izizathu zayo. Emva kokuba uqonde ngokupheleleyo-ngokusebenzisa iingxelo zomntwana wakho , iinkomfa zothisha kunye nokuqwalasela-oko kubangela ingxaki, ungaqala ukuyiqwalasela ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
- Ncedisa umntwana wakho ukuba aqaphele kwaye asebenze ekucimiseni ukuziphatha okukhathazayo.
- Xa ubona umntwana wakho ebonakalisa ukuziphatha komntu, mdumise kwaye uchaze indlela kwaye kutheni indlela yokuziphatha yayilungileyo.
- Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba abuze kwaye uphendule imibuzo, wabelane ngesantya, kwaye uvelise izihloko ezifanayo.
- Sebenzisana nomntwana wakho ukuzimisela amandla akhe kunye neminqweno yakhe, kwaye ke ukwakhela kulawo makandla ngokubambisana kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo emva kokufunda okanye kwenkqubo yoluntu . Imisebenzi yokwakha izithemba ezifana nobugcisa be-karate inokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo.
- Xoxa nomntwanakho malunga nokuba ubuhlobo obusondeleyo bunjani ngakumbi kunokuba buthandwa kwaye bancede afunde ukuqinisa ubuhlobo obunokuba naye.
- Mamela umntwana wakho xa evakalelwa. Ukwazi ukuba unothando olungenamsoco kunye nenkxaso ekhaya angaya indlela ende ekukhuliseni ukuzithemba.
> Imithombo:
> Collins S, DegliObizzi M, Covert K, Falls S, Simon S. Abantwana abachasene nabantwana: Iingcebiso zootitshala nabazali . Iziphakamiso eziSebenzayo kunye noNgeniso loLuntu: abantwana abachasene nabahlali. KwiYunivesithi yaseDelaware. Epapashwe ngo-2013.
> UFurman W, uMcdunn C, u-Young B. Inxaxheba yoBudlelwane Bontanga noBudlelwane kwiNtuthuko yefuthe elichaphazelekayo. Ku: Allen NB, Sheeber L, eds. Uphuhliso lwengqondo lomntwana kunye noVukani lweengxaki ezixinzelelekileyo. I-Cambridge, UK: I-Cambridge University Press; 2008.