Abaphandi baye bafunda ukuxhatshazwa iminyaka. Oko bakufumanisa kukuba kukho okungakumbi ukuxhatshazwa kunokuthobela iso. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi abantu babekholelwa ukuba ukuxhaphaza kuphela kwakuxhatshazwayo kunye nokubiza amagama. Kodwa xa kuthethwa ukuxhatshazwa apho kukho ngokwenene iintlobo zokuxhaphaza. Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezintandathu zokuxhatshazwa, kuquka yonke into ekungabandakanyi kunye nokuhleba ngabantu malunga nokuhlekisa uhlanga okanye inkolo yabo.
Ingakumbi, akubona bonke abaxhaphazayo abafanayo. Wonke umntu onokuxhaphaza unesitayela esahlukileyo kwaye usebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukeneyo ukuze asongele kwaye alawulwe lixhoba. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantwana abaxhaphazelayo baxhamla kakhulu malunga nendlela bahlasela ngayo iinjongo zabo ngelixa abanye bengenanto. Ngokwazi nje kuphela iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa kodwa kunye neentlobo zabantwana abaxhaphazayo abanokuhlangana nazo, uya kulungeleka ngakumbi ukunceda umntwana wakho nayiphi na imeko.
Iintlobo ze-6 zokuxhaphaza
Xa abaninzi abantu becinga ukuxhatshazwa , bacinga ukuba abafana bayabetha, bekhaba, baxabana. Kodwa ukuxhatshazwa ngokwenyama yinto enye yokuxhatshazwa ukuba abantwana bathathe inxaxheba. Nantsi ingqungquthela yeendlela ezintandathu eziqhelekileyo zokuxhatshazwa ezifumaneka kwizikolo.
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwemvelo
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwenyama yindlela ebonakalayo yokuxhaphaza. Kuyenzeka xa abantwana basebenzise amanyathelo okwenyama ukuze bafumane amandla nokulawula iithagethi zabo. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kubonakala kunkulu, kunamandla, kwaye kunobundlobongela kunontanga. Imizekelo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni iquka ukukhaba, ukubetha, ukubetha, ukubetha, ukugubha, nokunye ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba.
Ngokungafani nezinye iindlela zokuxhatshazwa, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwemvelo kukulula ukuchonga. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu bacinga ntoni xa becinga ukuxhatshazwa. Ukongezelela, ngokudlulileyo kuye kwafumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kwizikolo kunezinye iindlela ezizifihlakeleyo zokuxhatshazwa.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Abenzi bokuhlambalaza basebenzise amagama, izitatimende, kunye negama-ukubiza ukuze bafumane amandla kunye nokulawula kwijolise. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxhaphazwa ngamagama kuya kusebenzisa ukuthuka okungenangqondo ukunyanisekisa, ukuhlaziya, nokulimaza omnye umntu. Bakhetha iithagethi zabo ngokusekelwe kwindlela ababukeka ngayo, benze, okanye baziphathe ngayo. Kuqhelekile ukuxhatshazwa ngamagama ukujolisa abantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa.
Ukuxhatshazwa ngamagama kudla kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ukuhlaselwa kukuphantse kwenzeka xa abadala bengabikho. Ngenxa yoko, lidla ngokuba ligama lomntu omnye kumagama omnye umntu. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abantu banomuvo wokuthi izinto ezithetha ngabantwana azichaphazeli abanye ngokubaluleka. Ngenxa yoko, bahlala bexela uxhoba lokuxhatshazwa ukuba "bangayihoyi." Kodwa uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ukunyeliswa ngamagama kunye nokubiza amagama kunemiphumo emibi kwaye kunokushiya izibizo ezinzulu.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Ulwalamano olusondeleyo luhlobo oluhlambulukileyo nolunobungqineli lokuxhaphaza oludla ngokungaqondwa ngabazali nootitshala. Ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa koxhatshazo lwangokwemvakalelo, ubudlova obudlelwane lobuhlobo luhlobo loxhaphalo loluntu apho abantwana nabafana bazama ukulimaza oontanga okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwabo.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu abaxhatshazwayo bahlala bexosha abanye kwiqela, basasaza iindlebe, baxhaphaze iimeko, bawaphule iimfihlo. Injongo emva koxhatshazo oluxhatshazelisayo kukunyusa ukuhlala kwentlalo ngokulawula okanye ukuxhaphaza omnye umntu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amantombazana athambe ukusebenzisa ubudlova obudlelane ngaphezu kwamakhwenkwe, ngakumbi phakathi kwebanga lesihlanu nelesibhozo. Ngenxa yoko, amantombazana abandakanyeka kwiintlanzi zobudlelane ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba ngamantombazana athile okanye amaqhawe. Umntwana osemtsha okanye ophakathi kwimeko ekufumaneni ngayo ulwalamano olusondeleyo unokuxhatshazwa, ukuhlambalaza, ukunyanzeliswa, ukungabandakanywa kunye nokwesatshiswa. Nangona ulwalamano olunxulumene noluntu luqhelekile kwisikolo esiphakathi, alukhawulelwanga kwizinto ezi-2. Enyanisweni, abaqashi abathile bexhatshazwayo kunye nezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo emsebenzini zibandakanya ukulwa nobudlelwane.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Xa intlanzana okanye intombazana isebenzisa i-intanethi, i-smartphone, okanye enye iteknoloji ukuxhatshaza, isongela, ihlazo okanye ityekele omnye umntu, oku kuthiwa yi- cyberbullying . Ukuba umntu omdala ubandakanyeka ekuhlaselweni oku kuthiwa yi-cyber-harassment okanye i-cyberstalking.
Imizekelo ye-cyberbullying ibandakanya ukuthumela imifanekiso enobungozi, ukwenza izinto ezisongela kwi-intanethi, nokuthumela ii-imeyile ezilimazayo okanye iitekisi. Ngenxa yokuba intsha kunye neyesibini zihlala "zixhunyiwe," ukukhuselana nge-cyberbullying kuyinkinga ekhulayo phakathi kwabaselula. Kuye kwanda ngakumbi kuba abantu abanokuxhatshazwayo banokuhlukumeza iithagethi zabo ngomngcipheko omkhulu wokubanjwa.
Ama-cyberbullies athetha izinto ezingenaso isibindi sokuthetha ubuso nobuso. I-teknoloji ibenza bazive bengabonakali, bayixhasi, kwaye baxhomekeke kwimeko. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-intanethi kudla ngokuthetha kwaye kukhohlakele.
Kujoliswe kwiinjongo ze-cyberbullying, ivakalelwa kwaye ingapheli. Abaxhatshazi banokufika kubo naliphi na ixesha naphi na, ngokusoloko bekhuseleko lwekhaya labo. Ngenxa yoko, imiphumo ye-cyberbullying ibalulekile.
Ukuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kubandakanya izenzo eziphindaphindiweyo, ezinobungozi kunye nehlazo ezijolise kumntu ngesondo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukubizwa ngegama lezesondo, ukuthetha okungekho nto, iimpawu ezinobungozi, ukuchukumisa okungavunywanga, ukucetyiswa ngokwesini kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zobulili . Ngokomzekelo, umxhaphazi angenza uluvo olungenangqondo malunga nokubonakala kwentombazana, ukukhanga, ukuphuhliswa ngokwesondo, okanye umsebenzi wesondo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kuvulwa umnyango wokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo.
Amantombazana ayisoloko iinjongo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye namakhwenkwe kunye namanye amantombazana. Abafana bangabathinta ngokungalunganga, benze amazwana angacatshulwa ngemizimba yabo, okanye bacebise. Amantombazana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angabiza amanye amantombazana amagama athi "i-slut" okanye "ukunyathela," ahlambalaza ngeembonakalo okanye umzimba, aze enze into yokuhlambalaza .
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Sexting kunokukhokelela ekuxhatshazweni ngokwesondo. Ngokomzekelo, intombazana inokuthumela isithombe sayo kwintombi. Xa beqhekeka, unokwabelana naloo mfanekiso nesikolo sonke. Ekugqibeleni, uya kuba ngumxholo wokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ngenxa yokuba abantu bayayigculela umzimba wakhe, bamemezele ngamagama angcolileyo, baze benze amazwi angcolileyo ngaye. Amanye amakhwenkwe anokubona oko njengememo evulekile yokumcebisa okanye ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Ukuxhatshazwa okuxhatshazwayo kuxhomekeke kumbandela olwahlukileyo kunye nolutsha olubhekiselele kubantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo, iinkolo, okanye ukuziphatha ngokwesini. Olu hlobo lokuxhatshazwa lunokudibanisa zonke ezinye iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa kuquka ukuxhaphazwa kwe- cyberbullying , ukunyeliswa ngamagama, ukuxhatshazwa ngokobudlelwane, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwenyama, ngamanye amaxesha nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.
Xa ukuxhatshazwa kwintlupheko kubonakala, abantwana bajolise kwabanye abahlukileyo kubo kwaye bawubhale. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lokuxhatshazwa lukhulu kwaye lunokuvula umnyango wokuzonda ulwaphulo-mthetho. Naliphi na ixesha umntwana axhatshazwa ngesondo sakhe, uhlanga, okanye unqulo, kufuneka ukuba kuxelwe.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeZiqhumane
Iindlovu ziyakwazi ukuhluka kakhulu kumntu omnye ukuya kwenye. Zineendlela ezahlukeneyo, ubunobuntu, iinjongo kunye nokuziphatha. Kwaye iinjongo zabo kunye neendlela zokuxhaphaza zihluke. Kodwa khumbula, kungekhona bonke abaxhaphazayo abaya kufumana ngokufanelekileyo kwicandelo.
Ezinye izixhaphazo ziza kuba ziindidi ezininzi kwaye ezinye zibonakala ngathi ziluhlu lwabo bonke. Nantsi ingqungquthela yeentlobo ezithandathu eziqhelekileyo zabantwana abanokuxhatshazwa ngumntwana wakho.
Maxhoba
Amaxhoba amanxunguko avame ukuvuka emva kokuxhatshazwa. Baxhaphaza abanye bebuthathaka kunabo kuba nabo, baxhatshazwa. Injongo yabo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukuphinda bafumane amandla kunye nokulawula ebomini babo.
Olu hlobo loxhatshazo luqhelekileyo. Enyanisweni, inani elikhulu lezingane ezixhaphaza abanye zixhatshazwe ngokwazo. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabo kuyindlela yokubuyisela intlungu abavakalelwa ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ixhoba elixhatshazwayo livela kwikhaya elidityanisiweyo kunye nobundlobongela basekhaya okanye uxhatshazwa kakubi kumntakwabo omdala. Kule meko, ukuxhatshazwa kukuziphatha okufundiweyo.
Uninzi lwabantu abaxhatshazwayo bayazilahla okanye bawa phantsi kwezinga lezentlalo esikolweni. Le nyaniso yongeza kwingqiqo yokungabi namandla kunye nentlungu abavakalelwa ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxhatshazwa kwabo kubonakala kubonakala kunobundlobongela, oku kunokubangela ukuba umxhaphazi ungathandwa. Oku kuqhubela phambili umjikelezo wexhoba lokuxhamla .
Bully Popular
Ukuxhatshazwa okuqhelekileyo kunemigos enkulu. Baqinisekile kwaye bayahlahlisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo babe neqela labalandeli okanye abalandeli kwaye banokuziva ngathi balawula isikolo. Ukongezelela, abantu abaxhaphakileyo abaxhaphakileyo banomdla wokuba bafanele ukuphuma kwabo, ukuthandwa kwabo, ukukhuliswa kwabo okanye imeko yabo yezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Bayaba namandla ngamandla kunye nokulawula ababenamaxhoba abo kwaye banokuziqhayisa ngokuxhatshazwa kwabo.
Amakhwenkwe athandwa kakhulu amaninzi atyhayisa abanye ngezenzo zangokwenyama ezifana nokuphosa umntu ojikelezayo, ukuthatha iincwadi zakhe okanye ukubethelela kwiinkloko. Nangona amantombazana athandwayo asebenzisa ubudlova. Basasaza iindlebe, baqhelisa, kwaye bahlala bengabandakanyi abanye.
Izidlova ezithandwayo ngamanye amaxesha zibadlali beenkwenkwezi zesikolo okanye iinqununu zezikolo. Ziyachuma kwiinkcukacha kunye namandla abafumana ekuxhatshazweni. Abanye abantwana bavame ukunyamezela olu hlobo loxhatshazo kuba bavuma ukuba bamkelwe kunokuba baxhatshazwe.
Abaxhatshazwa
Uxhaphalo olusondeleyo ngokuqhelekileyo ungumfundi othandwa kakhulu othanda ukukhetha ukuba ngubani owamkelekileyo esikolweni kwaye ongekho. Ukungabikho, ukuhlukanisa kunye nokugxotha abanye zezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswe ngolu hlobo lomxhaphazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokweqabane kuzakusebenzisa kuphela ukunyelisa okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokomzimba ukugcina ulawulo. Amaninzi amaninzi, iintombazana zithetha ukuba ngabaxhatshazo.
Abaxhatshazi bezilwane nabo balondoloza amandla abo ngokusebenzisa amahemuhemu, ukuhleka, iilebula kunye nokubiza amagama. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bajolise abanye ngenxa yokuba banomona okanye bazive bengenakwamkelwa entlalweni. Ukugcina ukuthandwa kukuba yisona sizathu esibalulekileyo sokuxhatshazwa . Uxhaphalo olusondeleyo luya kwenza nantoni na ukuba ibe yinxalenye "kwisihlwele."
Abathunywa beeNgcaciso
Ukuxhatshazwa kwenyani enye uhlobo loxhatshazo olufumaneka rhoqo kwiindidi ezidumile. Ezi zixhaphazi zichanekileyo, zilawulwa kwaye zibalwa ngendlela yazo. Kodwa abazali, ootitshala kunye nabalawuli abanakho ukungazi ukuba yintoni into enokuxhatshazwa ngayo.
Ngaphandle, lolu hlobo lwenkqonkqo lubonakala luthandeka, luthandekayo, kwaye luthandekayo kumanqaku olawulo. Kodwa ngaphakathi, bangabanda kwaye babala kwaye bathambekele ekubandezelekeni iintlungu kumaxhoba kwixesha elide. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuxhatshazwa kwamacandelo aya kusebenzisa ukuxhatshazwa ngokwemvelo kodwa kuphela xa abanokuqiniseka ukuba abayi kubanjwa.
Abaxhasi bamacandelo kunye nabanobuchule abanamaqhinga nabaqambimanga kwaye baqhele ukuba ngabahlobo bamanga . Ubumnandi babo obuhle kunye neyona nto yindlela enye yokusebenzisa iimeko ekuthandayo.
Ziyakwazi ukuguqula iinyani kunye neemeko ukuze zibukeke zingenasici okanye ziphume kwiinkathazo xa zijongene nazo. Enyanisweni, ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki zihlala zikwazi ukukhohliswa ukuba amaxhoba abo ahlala esaba ukuthetha, ekholelwa ukuba akukho mntu uya kubakholelwa.
Iibundlobongela zeqela
Abahlukumezi, abawela kuloluhlu, ngokuqhelekileyo bayingxenye yeqela kwaye baneengqondo zepakethe xa behlangene. Bavame ukuxhaphaza njengeqela kodwa baziphatha ngokungafaniyo xa bebodwa-nokuba ngaba bodwa kunye nexhoba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaqela ahlukumezayo amacandelo axelisa inkokeli yeqela kwaye alandela nje.
Ngenxa yokuba abantwana baziva bekhuselekile xa beqela, bahlala beziva bekhululekile ukuthetha baze benze izinto abangenakuyenza ngenye indlela. Baziva bexanduva elincinane kwizenzo zabo kuba "wonke umntu uyenza." Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lokuxhatshazwa ngenxa yokuba izinto ngokukhawuleza zinokunyuka kokulawula.
Abahluleli abangabandakanyekanga
Abantu abangenabandlululo abahlala bengakwazi ukuva novelwano . Ngenxa yoko, banokubonakala bengabanda, bengabakhathaleli, baze baxakeke kwaye bancinci kakhulu, ukuba kukho, bazisola ngezinto abazenzayo kwabanye. Ezi ntlobo zezixhatshazo, nangona zingaphantsi kunezinye iintlobo zabantu abaxhaphazayo, zisoloko ziyingozi kakhulu.
Abantu abangenabandlululo baxhatshazwa ngokunyaniseka kokubona omnye umntu ehluphekileyo kwaye awanqandekanga ngezenzo zoluleko . Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kwabantu abaxhalabisayo badla ngokukrakra kwaye baneengxaki eziphambili zeengqondo ezifuneka ziqwalaselwe ngutitshala. Ukunyanzeliswa kwendabuko yendabuko ayidla ngokuzisa utshintsho ekuxhatshazweni kwabo.
> Imithombo:
> Amazwi malunga nokuxhaphaza, StopBullying.gov, https://www.stopbullying.gov/media/facts/index.html
> Ukuxhatshazwa KweZikolo Phakathi Kwama-Adolescents ase-United States: I-Physical, yobudlelwane, isiXhosa kunye ne-Cyber, iThala leNcwadi leSizwe lezeMpilo kunye neZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2751860/
> Iindidi zokuxhatshazwa, iZiko leSizwe elichasene nokuxhatshazwa, https://www.ncab.org.au/bullying-advice/bullying-for-parents/types-of-bullying/