Ama-Ages kunye neziNqanaba zabaNtwana kwiinyanga ezili-18 zobudala
Umntwana wakho uneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, kwaye kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ulindele ntoni kweli nqanaba. Funda kabanzi malunga nesondlo, ukukhula, ukhuseleko, kunye nokunye okusemntwaneni wakho.
Isondlo Sondlo
Ukutya komntwana wakho kuya kuqalisa ukufana nobunye bentsapho, kunye nokutya okuthathu kunye neentsuku zokutya ezimashumi amabini ngosuku. Kumele unciphise ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi malunga nama-ounces ama-16 ukuya kuma-24 imihla ngemihla kunye nejusi ukuya kwi-4 ukuya kwi-6 ii-ounces ngosuku kwaye unike ukutya okungafaniyo ukukhuthaza iindlela zokutya ezilungileyo emva koko.
Ukuthintela iingxaki zokutya, fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba azondle ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, amnike ukukhetha okunempilo aze avumele uvavanyo. Ixesha lokutya kufuneka lizonwabe kwaye lihle kwaye akusiyo umthombo womzabalazo. Ngaphandle kokungavumeli umntwana wakho ukuba aphuze ubisi oluninzi okanye ijusi ukuze alambile izilonda, khusela nokunyanzelisa umntwana ukuba adle xa engalambi, okanye umphoqele ukuba adle ukutya akufunanga.
Ngexa ufanele unikezele ngokutya okufanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo imihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba intsha encinci iyakudla enye okanye ezimbini ukutya rhoqo ngosuku. Ukuba umntwana ubenokudla kwasekuseni kunye nesidlo sasemini, ngoko kulungile ukuba akafuni ukutya kakhulu ngexesha lokutya.
Ubisi kunye neZiselo
Unokuthi unike umntwana wakho ubisi lobomi oluhle ngokusemgangathweni, nangona ukuba uqhubeka uncelise umntwana wakho ubuncinci ubuncinane ezimbini okanye kathathu ngosuku, mhlawumbi akadingi ubisi lweenkomo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ushintshe ubisi lwebele okanye ifomula yobisi kubisi, ungasebenzisi ipesenti ezi-2, i-fat-fat , okanye ubisi olusisigxina kude kube ngumntwana oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokushiya ibhotile kunye nokutshintshela kwikomityi ye- sippy ukuba awukho.
Ukuze ugweme ukuba uncedise nge-fluoride, sebenzisa amanzi okupompoza ngamanzi.
Ukuba usebenzisa ibhodlela okanye amanzi acocekileyo kuphela, ngoko umntwana wakho angadinga i-supplementary fluoride (tshekisha nomvelisi ngamanqanaba akho e-fluoride).
I-Picky Eater
Umntwana wakho unokuqalisa ukugatya ukutya okunye, abe ngumdla ococekileyo okanye aze ahambe ngeebinge apho afuna ukutya ukutya ezithile kuphela. Indlela ebalulekileyo abafundi abafunda ngayo ukuzimela abazimeleyo kukuseka ukuzimela ngokutya. Nangona umntwanakho angenakudla kunye nokutya okunqamlekileyo njengoko ungathanda, xa nje umntwana wakho ekhula ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye enezinga eliqhelekileyo lamandla, mhlawumbi kunokukhathazeka kakhulu. Khumbula ukuba eli lixesha lokuphuhliswa kwakhe apho engakhulayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye akadingi iikhalori ezininzi.
Kwakhona, uninzi lwabantwana aludli ukutya okunokulinganisela imihla ngemihla, kodwa ngaphezu kwexesha leveki okanye kunjalo, ukutya kwabo kuya kudla ngokulinganayo. Unokucinga ukunika umntwana i-vitamin yansuku zonke ukuba ucinga ukuba akayidli kakuhle, nangona abantwana abaninzi abayidingi.
Ukuxhamla iingxaki zokuPhepha
Ezinye iindlela zokuthintela iingxaki zokusondeza akufanele zisebenzise ukutya njengesikhokelo okanye umvuzo ngenxa yokuziphatha okufunayo. Gwema ukugweba umntwana wakho ngokungadli kakuhle. Nciphise intetho yokutya kwimizuzu emihle kunye neyokuzonwabisa.
Gwema ukuxubusha okanye ukuphawula ngemikhwa yokutya engafanelekanga yomntwana ngelixa etafileni. Umlinganiselo wokutya nokusela etafileni okanye kwisihlalo esiphezulu. Ukunciphisa ukutya okuncinci kwizinto ezimbini zokunandipha okunomsoco usuku ngalunye.
Ukondla iindlela zokuphepha ukunika izikhululo ezidakayo, iziphuzo ezithambileyo, iziphuzo eziqhambileyo, iziqhamo zokutya, i-chips okanye i-candy, njengoko zinokutya okuncinci. Kanti ugweme ukunika ukutya umntwana wakho angakunqumla, njengamaqholi aluhlaza, amantyantyambo, iidiliya zonke, ukutya okunzima, i-popcorn, i- chewing gum okanye i-candy enzima.
Uphuhliso, uPhuhliso kunye neMidlalo
Kule minyaka, unokulindela ukuba umntwana wakho abuyele emuva, ahambe ngamanyathelo ngesandla sakhe, ukhabe ibhola, athi amagama 10 ukuya kuma-25, igama lamalungu amathathu omzimba, vula amaphepha encwadi uze ubeke iibhloko ezimbini ndawonye.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo, umntwana wakho uya kufunda amagama amatsha, qalisa ukuphosa ibhola ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye usebenzise idibaniso ezimbini zegama.
Unokuqala ukudlala nabanye abantwana, kodwa kuya kuba "umdlalo ofana." Abantwana kule minyaka banomdla kakhulu kwaye banokudlala kunye kunye, kodwa kuya kuba lixesha ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukudlala kunye. Umntwana wakho mhlawumbi akafuni ukwabelana ngezinto zakhe, kwaye unokuba ngumnini. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela ngokubanzi abantwana abadlala kunye nalo nyaka kwaye baqinisekise ukuba omnye umntwana akayi kugcina iimpawu zakhe. Gcina izinto ezimbalwa ezikhethiweyo ezihlukeneyo kwaye azifumaneki ukwabelana ukuze abe nomuva wokulawula.
Eli lixesha lokuba umntwana wakho aqale ukuhlola kwaye azame kwaye ahlole indlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo kwaye ziyakuzonwabisa ngexesha lokudlala. Kubalulekile ukunika udumo oluninzi kunye namathuba amaninzi okuhlola. Ukuba usebenzisa i-pacifier , lixesha elifanelekileyo ukuqala ukukhawulela ukusebenzisa kwalo (okanye ukunikela ngokupheleleyo) kuphela xa umntwana wakho esesibhedeni sakhe, ukwenzela ukuba umdla wakhe uya kuncipha.
Ukulala nokuPhala
Abancinci baninzi bathabatha ubuncinci bodwa be- naps (ubude be-naps baqheleke kakhulu phakathi kwabantwana abahlukeneyo, kodwa i-naps idla ngo-1 ukuya kwi-1/2 iiyure ubude) ngeli xesha kule minyaka kwaye banako ukulala ubusuku bonke (ukuya ku-11 ukuya ku-12 iiyure). Ukuba akunjalo, khangela ukuba uqinisekise ukuba umntwana wakho unesidingo sokulala ngexesha elihle kwaye uye waqulunqa imibutho efanelekileyo yokulala.
Xa umntwana wakho ekwazi ukukhuphuka kwisibhedlele sakhe (kwaye sele usenciphise i-mattress kwaye usususe i- bumper pads ), kufike ixesha lokumhambisa ebhedini encinane . Ukuba umntwana wakho unamamitha amathathu ubude, unokuba ufuna ukumhambisa kumbhede omncinci nangona engakhange ekhuphuke esikhwameni sakhe. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuphuma ngaphandle kwisibhedlele li malunga neenyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ukuya kwimibini emibini.
Ukukhusela kwi-18-Inyanga-yeNyanga
Iingozi ziyintloko ebangela ukufa kwabantwana. Uninzi lwabafileyo luyakuthinteka lula, kwaye ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukhuseleko lomntwana wakho engqondweni ngamaxesha onke. Nazi ezinye izicwangciso zokugcina umntwana wakho ukhuselekile:
- Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wokugqibela wezimoto , kufuneka usebenzise isantya esibhekene nesemva okanye isitulo sevili, kwaye uyibeke kwisitulo sangasemva kokuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka emibini ubudala okanye uvale umlinganiselo ojongene nobunzima okanye umda wokuphakama, kwaye ungaze ubeke usana kwisihlalo sangaphambili semoto kunye nomoya womoya ohamba naye.
- Ngelishwa, kukho iziganeko ezingakumbi zezingane ezishiye kwiimoto ezishisayo , kwaye kufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba isikhumba sakhe sikhuselekile: angabi ngaphezu kwama-2 3/8 intshi ephakathi kwemivalo; i-mattress imele ibe yomelele kwaye ifanele ifumaneke ngaphakathi kwesikhala; uyibeke kude kwiifestile kunye neempendulo; ziphephe ukubeka iingubo ezigcobayo, izilwanyana ezixutywe, okanye imithwalo ekhutsheni njengoko kunokubangela ukugubha.
- Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye ezisezantsi, ezifana nezihlalo zeemoto, abahambahambayo, kunye ne-cribs, njl., Azikhunjulwa ngezizathu zokuphepha. Shayela umenzi okanye iKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi ukuba uluhlu olusesikhathini sokuhlaziywa kwemveliso.
- Ukuthintela ukukhahlela, ungashiyi izinto ezincinci okanye iiplastiki ezingenayo ukufikelela kwintsana yakho.
- Sebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo intambo xa ehleli esihlalweni esiphakeme.
- Gwema ukutyhila umntwana wakho ilanga eliningi (sebenzisa isikrini selanga ).
- Ukuthintela ukuwa ngokungashiyi umntwana wakho kuphela embhedeni okanye kutshintsha itafile.
- Faka i-smoke kunye ne- carbon monoxide detectors .
- Ziqhelise ukhuseleko lokutya: uhlambe izithelo kunye nemifuno, ungadli inyama okanye inyama yenkukhu okanye uphuze ubisi olungenakusasa okanye i-jus.
- Ukuba kufuneka ube nesibhamu endlwini ugcine kunye neenqwelo ezikulo ndawo ekhethiweyo.
- Ziqhelise ukukhusela kwamanzi: Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba agibele, ungavumeli umntwana wakho adlale malunga naluphi na amanzi (i-echibi, i-pool, ulwandle, njl.) Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwabantu abadala (nangona ukuba ungumntu oguqula kakuhle), soloko unxibe umlondolozi wokuphila okanye ukhuseleko xa esesinqanawa, kwaye kungenasiphelo samanzi echibini ngokuyifaka ngaphakathi kwocingo ngokuzivala ukuvala, umnyango wokuzikhusela.
- Qaphela umngcipheko wokulunywa kweenja kwaye uhlolisise kakhulu abantwana xa bekhona kwizilwanyana. Iintsana ziyakwenza ngendlela inja ecinga ukuba iyothusayo kwaye nenja encinci inokuthi ikhuphe ikhuse.
- Hlanza amazinyo akhe kunye ne-toothbrush ethambileyo ye-toothpaste (ukukhusela i-fluorosis) ade afunde ukutshiza i-toothpaste.
Umntwana Ubungqina Bakho Ekhaya
Iintsana zihamba kwaye zihlola indawo yazo. Uya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okulondoloza ekhaya lakho nakwiindawo ezifana neendlunkulu zabanomkhulu ohlala kuyo apho umntwana wakho onokutyelela khona.
- Beka iqondo lokushisa lakho lokufudumala kwamanzi kwi-120 F.
- Sebenzisa amasango kwinqanaba lezitebhisi kwizixhobo zombane kwaye uvale kwiikhabhinethi.
- Gcina abahlambululi bekhaya, iikhemikhali kunye namayeza angaphumelelanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye uhlale uzigcina kwisitya sawo sokuqala.
- Yazi inombolo yeCandelo lokuLawula i-Poison (1-800-222-1222).
- Musa ukuthwala i-liquids eshushu okanye ukutya kufuphi nomntwana wakho.
- Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho kufuphi neesitofu, ama-heaters okanye ezinye izixhobo zokusebenza ezishushu (ngokukodwa iintsimbi zokukhahlela).
- Xa upheka, sebenzisa umshiseli wempuphu kwaye uphendule izibindi ngaphakathi.
- Ukuthintela ukucima, uchithe onke amanzi ukusuka kumabhotile kunye neepilisi, gcina umnyango kwindawo yokuhlambela kwaye ungashiyi umntwana wakho wedwa ngasiphi na isitya samanzi.
- Gcina uluhlu lweenombolo eziphuthumayo kufuphi nefowuni kwaye ungeniswe njengezonxibelelwano kwifowuni yakho yeselula.
- Amakamelo okukhusela angabonakali abantwana.
Iingxaki Zempilo Eziqhelekileyo
- Ukutyunjwa : inkathazo eqhelekileyo neyikhathazayo kubantwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo ichazwa njengengqamlezo yesigxina esinzima okanye esibuhlungu okanye ukuhamba iintsuku ezine okanye ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwebilini. Ukugqithiswa kubangelwa ngokutya okuphantsi kwefayibha kodwa kunokubangelwa nokusela ubisi oluninzi (ngaphezu kweeyunithi ezingama-16 ukuya kuma-24 ngosuku), ukungaphuzi amanzi okwaneleyo okanye ukulinda ixesha elide ukuya kwindlu yokuhlambela. Ukunyanga kokuqala ukwandisa inani lamanzi aselayo kunye nokwandisa inani le-fiber kunye ne-bran ekudleni kwakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunceda ukunciphisa inani lokutya okugcobayo ekudleni kwakhe, kubandakanya ubisi lweenkomo, i-yogurt, ushizi, iinqatyi eziphekiweyo kunye neebhanana. I-Stool softeners ingafuneka ukuba ngaba amanyathelo awasebenzi.
- I-Stuffy I-Eose / I-Sneezing : eqhelekileyo kwaye idla ngokubangela ukucaphuka komoya omile, umsi, okanye uthuli. Zama ukuqeda ukuvutha okuqhelekileyo. Unokuzama ukusebenzisa i-humidifier okanye amaconsi empompo yamanzi.
- I-Diaper Rashes : eqhelekileyo kwaye idla ngokucacileyo kwiintsuku eziyi-3-4 kunye ne-cream diar. Ukuba ayiyikucima okanye ibomvu kwaye ijikelezwe ngamachashazi abomvu, umntwana wakho unokufumana isifo sovuba kwaye uya kufuna i-cream yokufakelwa ukusikhupha. Imfucuza ye-diaper inokuthintela ukutshintshwa kwe-diaper rhoqo, ukwandisa ukukhanya kwemoya ngokugcina i-diaper ngokukhulu kunokwenzeka kwaye isebenzisa insipho enomzimba kuphela emva kokuhamba kwezilwanyana (supha ngamanzi afudumele ngamanye amaxesha).
- Izifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu : ezi ziqhelekileyo kwaye ziquka iimpawu ezicacileyo okanye iphofu eluhlaza kunye nokukhwehlela kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa zizifo ezibandayo. Unyango olungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amaconsi amanzi omnyuwa kunye ne-bulb ukuxhamla ngakumbi ukugcina impumlo yabo icace. Biza udokotela wezilwanyana ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ophezulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye akuphuculanga kwiintsuku ezingama-7-10
- Ukuvuthwa : ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba kunye nohudo njengengxenye yentsholongwane yentsholongwane. Ukuba umntwana wakho uqala ukuhlanza, kukulungele ukunika ikhefu ekudleni nasekuphuzeni iyure okanye njalo kwaye uqale ukunika inani elincane lePedialyte (1 ithisipuni) nganye emihlanu okanye imizuzu elishumi. Xa umntwana wakho ekwazi ukunyamezela ukusela le mali encinci, unako ukwandisa iPedialyte malunga nepunipoon njalo emihlanu okanye imizuzu elineshumi emva koko iimali ezininzi njengoko zinyamezele kwaye zitshintshe kwakhona kwi-formula yakhe eqhelekileyo. Gwema ukunika iPedialyte nje ngeeyure ezili-12. Biza udokotela wezilwanyana ukuba uhlanza lunalo igazi, ukuba luhlaza okomnyama, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zokuphelelwa umdaka (okubandakanya ukungabikho kumanzi kwiiyure eziyi-6-8, unomlomo owomileyo kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo).
- I-diarrhea : ingxaki eqhelekileyo kwaye ibangelwa kukusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Biza udokotela wakho wezilwanyana ukuba isifo sohudo sinalo okanye siphumelele kuyo, ukuba asikuphucula kwiiveki ezi-1-2 okanye xa ubona iimpawu zokungcoliswa kwamanzi (okubandakanya ukungagcini kwiiyure eziyi-6-8, unomlomo owomileyo kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo). Kufuneka uqhubeke nokutya kwabo rhoqo kodwa unokunika ii-ounces 1-2 zePedialyte rhoqo xa unesifo sohudo esikhulu sokuthintela ukungcola.
Uhambo lwezonyango
Uza kubakho rhoqo ukutyelela oogqirha bonyango lwakho kunyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana wakho ukuze ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwakhe lunokubekwa iliso. Khumbula ukubhala phantsi nayiphi na imibuzo ongayenza ngayo ugqirha wakho phambi kokutyelela ukuze ungabalibali.
Kwiinyanga ezili-18 zokuhlola, unokulindela:
- Uviwo lokukhula komntwana wakho kunye nophuhliso.
- Ukuhlaziywa kweeshedyuli zokutya nokulala.
- Ukulinganisa ubude bakhe, ubunzima kunye nentloko.
- Ukucebisa ukukhuselwa kokulimala, impilo yamazinyo kunye nokutya okufanelekileyo.
- Ingxoxo yokuqeqeshwa kwangasese.
- Ukugonywa: i-DTaP kwaye mhlawumbi iigciwane le-Hepatitis A, Prevnar, okanye IPV xa bengakhange banikezwe kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini okanye ezilishumi elinesibini.
Kuza kukhangela isithuba sakho kwinqanaba lonyango lonyango uza kuba xa umntwana wakho eneminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
> Umthombo
> Iannelli, V. Umntwana wakho. KeepKidsHealthy.com. Gcina i-Kids Healthy, LLC.