Ukuphakama nobunzima Ngonyaka Wokuqala Ngeenthathi
Njengabazali abaninzi, unokuzibuza ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, naphezu kwesilingo, akukhuthazwa ukuba uqhathanise ukukhula komntwana kunye nophuhliso lwabanye abantwana. Wonke umntwana ungumntu kwaye ukhula ngexesha lakhe. Abanye abantwana baninzi, kwaye abanye abantwana bancinci. Kukho udidi lokukhula okuphilileyo. Kwaye, ekubeni ukukhula kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kungekhona wonke umntu olandela umzekelo ofanayo.
Nazi ezinye zeemilinganiselo zesisindo kunye nokuphakama ngunyaka wokuqala. Kodwa, khumbula, ukuba umntwana wakho umncinci okanye umkhulu kunamanani alinganiselweyo, akuthethi ukuba akuqhelekanga.
Ziziphi iitshati zokukhula ezibhekiselele
Iitshathi zokukhula kunye nama-percentile zixhobo kuphela ezikunceda ukulandelela ukukhula kwabantwana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-50th percentile ayithethi ukuba iqhelekile. I-50th percentile ithetha i-average. Nangona abanye abantwana bewela kumgca ophakathi, abantwana abaninzi bawela ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu. Ngaloo nto, ukuba umntwana wakho ungekho kwi-percentile yama-50, ngokuqinisekileyo akuthethi ukuba akayi kukhula kwimilinganiselo enempilo. Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukuphakama komntwana wakho kunye nobunzima, kubandakanya i-genetics, ukutya, kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi. Iintsana ezinempilo ziphakathi kwe-5 percentile kunye ne-95c percentile.
I-WHO kunye neCCC Growth Charts
Zonke iitshathi zokukhula azifani. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuVikela (i-CDC) anikezela iitshati zokukhula ezibandakanya ulwazi oludala kunye nolwazi ngokudibanisa iindlela zokutya.
Iikhathazo zokukhula kweCDC zibonakaliso kwaye zibonisa indlela abantwana abakhula ngayo ngexesha elithile eMelika. I-Charity Health Organisation (WHO) (charity charts) iqulethe idatha engakumbi kwiintsana ezibelethwe ngamabele. Ekubeni oomama bancelisa ngakumbi kwaye amanqaku e-WHO abhekwa njengomgangatho wokuba abantwana bafanele bakhule njani, i-CDC incoma ukusebenzisa iikhathalo zokukhula ze-WHO kuzo zonke iintsana-nokuba ziyanyamezela okanye zithatha imfomula - ngeminyaka emibini yokuqala.
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (APP) iyavumelana ne-CDC isincomo.
Umyinge wesisindo esitsha
Isisindo somyinge osana olusandul 'usana luphakathi kwama-7 ukuya ku-7 1/2 iilidi (3.2 -3.4 kg). Kodwa, intsha epheleleyo yexesha elizeleyo inomzimba ihamba ngaphaya kwimizi-11 yeeyunithi ukuya kuma-8 i-ounces ayi-6 (i-2.6 - 3.8 kg). Isisindo sokuzalwa esincinane singaphantsi kwamakhilogremu ayi-8 (ii-2.5 kg) kwixesha elipheleleyo, kwaye likhulu kunomyinge wokuzalwa kwesibhozo ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-13 (4.0 kg).
Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela ukuzalwa komntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa. Ziquka:
- Zingaphi iiveki ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka: Iintsana ezizalwe kwangethuba zincinci, kwaye iintsana ezithe zadlulileyo umhla wazo ziba zikhulu.
- Ukutshaya: Oomama abavuthayo banamantombazana amancinci.
- Isifo sikashukela sesifo sesifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela ngexesha lokukhulelwa singakhokelela kumntwana omkhulu kunomntwana.
- Isondlo sokutya : Ukutya okubi kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela kumntwana omncinci apho ukufumana ubunzima obunzima kunokubangela umntwana omkhulu.
- Imbali yentsapho: Ezinye iintsana zizalwe zincinci okanye zinkulu, kwaye zingaphaya nje kwintsapho.
- Ubulili: Ngokomyinge, isisana samantombazana osandul 'ukuzalwa sisancinane kunamakhwenkwe.
- Ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo: Ingane enye iya kuba nekhulu lokuzalwa ngokuzalwa kunabantwana abathandekayo ngexesha elifanayo njengamawele, ama-triplets, okanye ngaphezulu.
Ngethuba leentsuku zokuqala zokuphila , kuqhelekile ukuba zombini iintsana ezibelethwe ngamabele kunye ne-bhotile ezithwala ibinzana. Ingane ekhuselwe ibhotile ingahle ilahlekelwe kuma-5 ekhulwini omzimba wayo, kwaye umntwana osandulweyo kuphela onokubeleka angalahlekelwa ukuya kuma-10 ekhulwini. Kodwa, ngeveki ezimbini, ininzi intsha ibuye ibuyele yonke ubunzima abaye balahlekelwa yabuyela kwisisindo sokuzalwa.
Umyinge weBantwana Ubuninzi Ngenyanga
Ngenyanga enye, ininzi intsana iya kuzuza malunga neyitidi ngaphezu kwesisindo sokuzalwa. Kule minyaka, iintsana azinjengokulala , ziqala ukuhlakulela umzekelo wesondlo wokutya, kwaye ziyanomdla ngokunyameko ngexesha lokutya.
Ngokomyinge, iintsana ziyafumana malunga neyure enye ngenyanga ngenyanga ezintandathu zokuqala.
Emva koko, phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nomnyaka omnye, inzuzo yokunciphisa umzimba iyancipha kancane. Uninzi lwabantwana luphindwe kabini ubunzima bokuzalwa kwabo ngeenyanga ezintlanu ukuya ezintandathu ubudala kunye neyesithathu ngelixesha abaneminyaka elidala.
Ubunzima obuphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu buninzi malunga neekhilogram ezingama-2 (i-7.3 kg) zamantombazana kunye neekhilo ezili-8 (7.9 kg) zamakhwenkwe. Ngonyaka owodwa, ubunzima bomyinge bentombazana encinci malunga neekhilogram ezingama-10 (8.9 kg) kunye namakhwenkwe anesisindo esingama-3 i-ounces (9,6 kg).
Izinto ezichaphazela ubunzima bomntwana zi:
- Ubulili: Abafana bavame ukulinganisa ubuncinane ngaphezu kwamantombazana aneminyaka efanayo ngexesha lokusana.
- Uhlobo lokutya: Iintsana ezibelethwe ngumntwana azikwazi ukufumana ubunzima ngokukhawuleza njengentsana ezithatha i-formula.
- Inqanaba lomsebenzi: Intsana ekhuselekileyo inokulinganisela.
Amatshathi amabini angezansi abonisa ubunzima obuphakathi kweenyanga ukusuka kunyaka omnye kunyaka olusekelwe kwiitshathi ze-WHO zokukhula. Itheyibhile enye kubafana, kanti enye inamantombazana. Ishati nganye ibonisa i-percentile yama-50 kunye nebala ukusuka ku-3 ukuya kwi-97th percentile. Ezi zitshati zokukhula ziza kubantwana abasemgangathweni. Ugqirha unokusebenzisa iitshathi zokukhula ezikhethekileyo zeintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha, okanye iintsana ezalwa nezidingo zempilo ezizodwa. Khumbula, oku kuthethwa nje. Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba umntwana wakho ufumana ubunzima obuninzi okanye akwanele , kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela.
| Ubudala | 50 Percentile | Ububanzi - 3 ukuya ku-97 yePercentile |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inyanga | 9 lbs 14 oz (4.5 kg) | 7 lbs 8 oz - 12 lbs 9 oz (3.4 - 5.7 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezimbini | 12 lbs 5 oz (5.6 kg) | 9 lbs 11 oz - 15 lbs 7 oz (4.4 - 7.0 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezintathu | 14 lbs (6.4 kg) | 11 lbs 3 oz - 17 lbs 8 oz (5.1 - 7.9 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezine | 15 lbs 7 oz (7.0 kg) | 12 lbs 6 oz - 18 lbs 15 oz (5.6 - 8.6 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezintlanu | 16 lbs 9 oz (7.5 kg) | 13 lbs 6 oz - 20 lbs 5 oz (6.1 - 9.2 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezintandathu | 17 lbs 8 oz (7.9 kg) | 14 lbs 3 oz - 21 lbs 7 oz (6.4 - 9.7 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-7 | 18 lbs 5 oz (8.3 kg) | 14 lbs 14 oz - 22 lbs 6 oz (6.7 - 10.2 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-8 | 19 lbs (8.6 kg) | 15 lbs 7 oz - 23 lbs 2 oz (7.0 - 10.5 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-9 | 19 lbs 10 oz (8.9 kg) | 15 lbs 14 oz - 24 lbs 1 oz (7.2 - 10.9 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-10 | 20 lbs 3 oz (9.2 kg) | I-lbs 16 i-7 oz-24 lbs 12 oz (7.5 - 11.2 kg) |
| Ezili-11 inyanga | 20 lbs 12 oz (9.4 kg) | I-16 lbs 14 oz-25 lbs 7 oz (7.7 - 11.5 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 | 21 lbs 3 oz (9.6 kg) | 17 lbs 5 oz - 26 lbs 2 oz (7.8 - 11.8 kg) |
| Ubudala | 50 Percentile | Ububanzi - 3 ukuya ku-97 yePercentile |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inyanga | 9 lbs 4 oz (4.2 kg) | 7 lbs 2 oz - 12 lbs (3.2 - 5.4 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezimbini | 11 lbs 4 oz (5.1 kg) | 8 lbs 13 oz - 14 lbs 6 oz (4.0 - 6.5 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezintathu | 12 lbs 14 oz (5.8 kg | 10 lbs 2 oz - 16 lbs 5 oz (4.6 - 7.4 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezine | 14 lbs 2 oz (6.4 kg) | 11 lbs 3 oz - 17 lbs 14 oz (5.1 - 8.1 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezintlanu | 15 lbs 3 oz (6.9 kg) | 12 lbs 1 oz - 19 lbs 3 oz (5.5 - 8.7 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezintandathu | 16 lbs 2 oz (7.3 kg) | 12 lbs 13 oz - 20 lbs 5 oz (5.8 - 9.2 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-7 | 16 lbs 14 oz (7.6 kg) | 13 lbs 7 oz - 21 lbs 4 oz (6.1 - 9.6 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-8 | 17 lbs 7 oz (7.9 kg) | 13 lbs 14 oz - 22 lbs 2 oz (6.3 - 10.0 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-9 | 18 lbs 2 oz (8.2 kg) | 14 lbs 8 oz - 22 lbs 15 oz (6.6 - 10.4 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-10 | 18 lbs 11 oz (8.5 kg) | 14 lbs 15 oz - 23 lbs 10 oz (6.8 - 10.7 kg) |
| Ezili-11 inyanga | 19 lbs 4 oz (8.7 kg) | 15 lbs 5 oz - 24 lbs 5 oz (7.0 - 11.0 kg) |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 | 19 lbs 10 oz (8.9 kg) | 15 lbs 12 oz - 25 lbs (7.1 - 11.3 kg) |
A
Umyinge womyinge womntwana (Ubukhulu) Ngenyanga
Ngokubanzi, ngeenyanga ezintandathu zokuqala, umntwana ukhula malunga neyintshi enye ngenyanga. Kuphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye nomnyaka omnye, iyancipha i-1/2 intshi ngenyanga. Ubude bomyinge yenkwenkwana ezinyangeni ezintandathu buninzi malunga no-26/2 intshi (67.6 cm), kunye nentombazana encinci malunga ne-3/4 intshi (65.7 cm). Ngomnye umfana u-29 3/4 intshi (75.7 cm), kunye namantombazana angama-intshi angu-29 (74 cm).
Imiba enokuphakamisa ukuphakama yile:
- I-Genetics: Ukuphakama komama wengane, uyise, kunye namanye amalungu entsapho banempembelelo ephawulekayo kwindlela elide umntwana aya kuba ngayo.
- Ubulili: Abafana bathanda ukuba bade kunamantombazana.
- Isondlo: Ukutya okunomsoco kumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye umntwana emva kokuzalwa unokuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba womntwana ufumana iivithamini, amaminerali kunye neeprotheni ezifanelekileyo kumathambo aphilileyo kunye nokukhula okuphezulu.
- Umzekelo wokulala: Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iintsana zikhula ngokude emva kokuhamba kunye nexesha elide lokulala.
- Umsebenzi womzimba : Ukunyakaza komzimba kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyama kunceda ukwakha imisipha kunye namathambo.
- Impilo epheleleyo: Ukugula okungapheliyo kunye nezifo ebuntwaneni kunokuchaphazela ukukhula nophuhliso.
Ezi zihloko zibini zingezantsi zibonisa ubude obude okanye ukuphakama kweentsana ukusuka kwinyanga enye kunyaka owodwa ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho yokukhula kwe-WHO. Itheyibhile enye kubafana, kanti enye inamantombazana. Ishati nganye ibonisa i-percentile yama-50 kunye nebala ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwi-97th percentile. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, ezi zikhethi zokukhula ziza kubantwana abasemgangathweni. Kwakhona, oku kuthethwa kuphela. Ukuba unenkxalabo yokukhula komntwana, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.
* Amasentimitha ajikelezwe kwi-intshi ye-4 intshi.
| Ubudala | 50 Percentile | Ububanzi - 3 ukuya ku-97 yePercentile |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inyanga | 21 1/2 kwi (54.7 cm) | 20 - 23 kwi (51.1 - 58.4 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezimbini | 23 kwi (58.4 cm) | 21 1/2 - 24 1/2 kwi (54.7 - 62.2 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezintathu | 24 1/4 kwi (61.4 cm) | 22 1/2 - 25 3/4 kwi (57.6 -65.3 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezine | 25 1/4 kwi (63.9 cm) | 23 1/2 - 26 3/4 kwi (60.0 - 67.8 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezintlanu | 26 kwi (65.9 cm) | 24 1/2 - 27 1/2 kwi (61.9 - 69.9 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezintandathu | 26 1/2 kwi (67.6 cm) | 25 - 28 1/4 kwi (63.6 - 71.6 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-7 | 27 1/4 kwi (69.2 cm) | 25 1/2 - 28 3/4 kwi (65.1 - 73.2 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-8 | 27 3/4 kwi (70.6 cm) | 26 1/4 - 29 1/2 kwi (66.5 - 74.7 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-9 | 28 1/4 kwi (72.0 cm) | 26 3/4 - 30 kwi (67.7 - 76.2 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-10 | 28 3/4 kwi (73.3 cm) | 27 1/4 - 30 1/2 kwi (69.0 - 77.6 cm) |
| Ezili-11 inyanga | 29 1/4 kwi (74.5 cm) | 27 1/2 - 31 kwi (70.2 - 78.9 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 | 29 3/4 kwi (75.7 cm) | 28 - 31 1/2 kwi (71.3 - 80.2 cm) |
| Ubudala | 50 Percentile | Ububanzi - 3 ukuya ku-97 yePercentile |
|---|---|---|
| 1 inyanga | 21 kwi (53. 7 cm) | 19 3/4 - 22 3/4 kwi (50.0 - 57.4 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezimbini | 22 1/2 kwi (57.1 cm) | 20 3/4 - 24. (53.2 - 60.9 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezintathu | 23 1/2 kwi (59.8 cm) | 22 - 25 kwi (55.8 - 63.8 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezine | 24 1/2 kwi (62.1 cm) | 22 3/4 - 26 kwi (58.0 - 66.2 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezintlanu | 25 1/4 kwi (64.0 cm) | 23 1/2 - 27 kwi (59.9 - 68.2 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezintandathu | 25 3/4 kwi (65.7 cm) | 24 1/4 - 27 1/2 kwi (61.5 - 70.0 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-7 | 26 1/2 kwi (67.3 cm) | 24 3/4 - 28 1/4 kwi (62.9 - 71.6 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-8 | 27 kwi (68.7 cm) | 25 1/4 - 28 3/4 kwi (64.3 - 73.2 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-9 | 27 1/2 kwi (70.1 cm) | 25 3/4 - 29 1/2 kwi (65.6 - 74.7 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-10 | 28 kwi (71.5 cm) | 26 1/4 - 30. (66.8 - 76.1 cm) |
| Ezili-11 inyanga | 28 1/2 kwi (72.8 cm) | 26 3/4 - 30 1/2 kwi (68.0 - 77.5 cm) |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 | 29 kwi (74.0 cm) | 27 1/4 - 31. (69.2 - 78.9 cm) |
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokufumana kwiintsana
Nangona kuqhelekile ukuba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lube nesisindo ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala zokuphila, emva kwelo xesha, ukulahleka kwesisindo okanye ukufumana ubunzima obunzima kumntwana luphawu lweengxaki. Kubantwana abancinciweyo, kunokuthetha ukuba umntwana akafumani ngokwaneleyo ubisi lwebele .
Xa kuziwa ekuzuzeni ubunzima, abantwana abancinciweyo abanamathuba amaninzi kunabantwana abasondeza i-formula ukuba bafumane ubunzima obukhulu kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ukuncelisa isisu kunokukunceda ukunqanda ukunyuka kobunzima kunye nokukhuluphala. Kodwa, abantwana abancinciweyo banokuzuza kakhulu xa unina unesibisi esiningi kakhulu sokunikezela ubisi lwebele , umntwana uchitha umhlengikazi obuninzi, okanye ukutya okuqinileyo kwaqala kwangaphambili.
Iintlobo zokuKhula kweNtsana
Iintsana azikhulanga ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Zamaxesha apho zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunye namaxesha xa zidubula ngokukhawuleza. Xa bafumana ukukhula okukhulu kokukhula ngexesha elincinci, kuthiwa ukukhula kancinci . Ukunyuka kwezityalo kungenzeka nanini na, kwaye akufuneki ukulandela iphethini. Eminye yeminyaka yokuba umntwana wakho anokufumana ukukhula kwintsimi kwiintsuku ezilishumi, iiveki ezintathu, iiveki ezintandathu, inyanga ezintathu, neenyanga ezintandathu.
Ngexesha nangemva kokukhula kokukhula, umntwana wakho uya kufuna ubisi obuninzi. Ekubeni ubisi lwebele lubwenziwe ngokusekelwe ekunikezeni kunye nemfuno, umntwana wakho uya kuncelisa ixesha elidlulileyo ngeli xesha. Ungadinga ukuncelisa umntwana wakho kangangoko kwiiyure okanye ezimbini. Olu konyuka ekunceliseni unxela umzimba wakho ukwenza ubisi obanzi . Ngenhlanhla, ezi zihlandlo ezihlala zihlala ziphela malunga nosuku okanye ezimbini njengoko ubisi lwakho luguqulela iintswelo zakho ezikhulayo. Emva koko, umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlawule ngokuya kwindlela yokutya yokutya rhoqo.
ILizwi elivela kwiTwellwell
Abantwana ngabanye. Bakhula ngeerhafu ezahlukeneyo. Kunzima ukuthelekisa umntwana omnye komnye, nokuba ngaba ngabazalwana kunye noodade. Xa ukhangelelanise nabanye abantwana, kunokusasaza ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho mncinci kunokuba afanele ukuba okanye ulinganisa ngaphezu kokufaneleka kwakhe. Ngenhlanhla, kukho indlela elula yokunciphisa ukwesaba kwakho kwaye ufumane ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula njengoko kulindeleke. Kufuneka ulandele ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutyelela abantwana ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo unika.
Ugqirha wengane yakho ngumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi xa kuziwa kukukhula komntwana kunye nophuhliso lwakho. Ugqirha uya kulinganisa kwaye alinganise umntwana wakho rhoqo xa umbona. Yaye, uya kugcina ukukhula komntwana wakho kunye nempilo yonke ngexesha elide. Ngale ndlela, unokuqiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula ngendlela eqhelekileyo, inqanaba lempilo. Kwaye, ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba okanye izinto ezixhalabisayo, ziyakubonwa kwaye zinyamekele ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> De Onis, M. WHO Imilinganiselo yokukhula kwabantwana: ubude / ukuphakama-yobudala, ubunzima-ubudala, ubunzima-ubude-ubude, ubunzima-ubude-ubukhulu kunye nomzimba wongqinelana-yobudala . WHO. 2006.
> Dubois L, Kyvik KO, Girard M, Tatone-Tokuda F, uPerusse D, Hjelmborg J, Skytthe A, uRusmussen F, Wright MJ, uLichtenstein P, uMartin NG. Iminikelo ye-Genetic kunye nokusingqongileyo kwindleko, ukuphakama, kunye ne-BMI ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-19 ubudala: isifundo samazwe ngamazwe angama-12,000 amabini amabini amabini. I-PLOS enye. 2012 Feb 8; 7 (2): e30153.
> Lawrence, uRuth A., MD, Lawrence, uRobert M., MD. Ukusondeza isiKhokelo seNgcaciso yezoPhicongo. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015.
> Iziko leSizwe leeMpilo zoLwazi. IimiGangatho yoKhula i-WHO ikhuthazwa ukuba isebenzise e-US kwiintsana kunye nabantwana ukuya kwi-2 iminyaka yobudala. Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. 2010.
> Villar J, Ismail LC, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, Altman DG, uLambert A, Papageorghiou AT, uCarvalho M, Jaffer YA, Gravett MG. Imilinganiselo yamazwe ngamazwe ubunzima obusandul 'ukuzalwa, ubude, kunye nentloko yexesha lokunyamezela kunye nobulili: Uvavanyo olusandul' ukuzalwa olusanda kuzalwa lweProjekthi ye-PLGROW-21. Lancet. 2014 Sept 6; 384 (9946): 857-68.