Iingcebiso, iiNzuzo, kunye nexesha lokuMisa
Uya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukondla umntwana wakho kuwe. Iingcali zineencomo zabo, abanye banemibono yabo, kodwa wena kuphela kunye nogqirha wakho kunye neqabane lakho unokukwenza isigqibo malunga noko kusebenza kwintsapho yakho. Abanye besetyhini bakhetha ukuncelisa iiveki ezimbalwa, abanye bancelisa iminyaka emininzi, kwaye abaninzi besifazane benza into phakathi.
Kuza kuhlala kukho umntu ocinga ukuba uncelise ixesha elide okanye elifutshane kakhulu. Kodwa, akukho ndlela echanekileyo okanye engalunganga, kwaye akukho mntu unokukugweba ngobude bexesha ogqibayo ukumncelisa.
Yintoni ephakanyiswayo ngexesha lokusondeza?
Iingcali zezempilo emhlabeni wonke zivumelana ngokuthe xa zifika kwizikhokelo zokuncelisa . Nazi ezinye zeengcebiso eziphezulu zengcali:
- I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP) icebisa ukuncelisa kuphela iinyanga ezili-6, koko kuncelisa ukongeza kokuqala kokutya okuqinileyo okungenani ngonyaka. Emva kokuba ukunyelwa kwengcinezelo kunokuqhubeka nokude nje umama nomntwana benqwenela.
- Ngokufanayo, i-American College of Obstetrics kunye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) icebisa ukuncelisa kuphela kwinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala ngokuqhubeka nokuncelisa kunye nokutya okuqhotyoshelweyo kunyaka wokuqala. Emva komnyaka wokuqala, ukuncelisa kufuneka kuqhubekele ixesha elide njengoko lifunwa ngumama nomntwana.
- I-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) isincoma ukuzalisa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukunyanzeliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala emva kokuncelisa nokuncelisa kunye nokutya okuncedisayo iminyaka emi-2 okanye ngaphezulu.
I-Exclusive, Complementary, Inhlanganisela: Inkcazo yeMigqaliselo yokuThambisa
Ukuxilisa ngokuthe ngqo: Ukuncelisa ukubeleka kuphela kuzalisa ngokupheleleyo.
Kuthetha ukuba isondlo somntwana kuphela oluvela kubongikazi kwibele . Umntwana oncelisayo kuphela akafumani nantoni na eyongezelelweyo yokutya okanye ukusela njengolu hlobo, amanzi, isiphumo sesithelo okanye ukutya kwasebantwaneni. Ukuba unako ukhetha ukwenza oko, ukunyelwa kuncelisayo kukhethwa yiingcali njengomthombo oyintloko wesondlo kwiinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zokuphila komntwana wakho.
Ukuxhamla Ukutya: Xa ufuna ukuncelisa, kodwa awukwazi okanye unqume ukuba ungenzi oko kuphela, unokukhetha ukudibanisa ukuncelisa nokuncelisa . Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba unyamezelo olupheleleyo lungaze lusebenzele intsapho yakho. Ukuba ufanele ubuyele emsebenzini okanye esikolweni ngokukhawuleza, usenokungabikho ukuba uncelise umntwana wakho emva kweeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3. Okanye, ukuba unamabele angaphantsi kakhudlwana okanye usebenze ngethuba langaphambili , kungenakukwazi ukuba wenze ubisi lwebele olwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana okhulayo. Ukuncelisa ukuxuba okanye ukuncelisa iincinci kukuvumela ukuba uqhubeke uncelisa xa uzalisa umntwana wakho ngesondlo esongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana yonke into ayifunayo.
Ukuncelisa nokuNcedisa ukutya: Emva kokuncelisa iinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zokuqala, iingcali zincoma ukuqhubeka kokuncelisa kunye nokudibaniswa kokutya okuncedisayo.
Ukutya okuphelelweyo kukutya ngaphandle kobisi lobisi . Azinalo ukuthatha indawo yokuncelisa ibele kodwa kunika ukutya okuninzi kunokongezwa kokuncelisa.
Ukongezwa kokutya okuncedisayo kuqala xa uzisa umntwana wakho kokutya kwakhe okuqala phakathi kweenyanga ezi-4 no-6. Ugqirha wengane yakho iya kukucebisa ukuba nini kwaye njani ukuqala ukongeza i-solids. Ukutya okufana neziqhamo kunye nemifuno, i-cereal, kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokutya okunesondlo zidlalwa kuqala. Ukuncelisa isisu kunconywa kwaye kunenzuzo kumntwana wakho kule minyaka, kodwa njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, ubisi lwebele kuphela aluyi kunanela ukumnika konke ukutya okwenziwe ngumzimba wakhe njengoko ekhula.
Unokude Kangakanani Ukuba Unxiliswe Ukuze Uzuze?
Nasiphi na isantya sokuncelisa okanye ubisi lwebele ongayinika umntwana wakho luncedo . Nangona inani elincinci lokubala, ubisi lokuqala lobisi , luncedo kumntwana wakho. Ubisi lobisi lokuqala lubuthwa ngaphezu kokutya. Iqulethe iindiza kunye nezinye izakhiwo ze-immune . Ngoko, nangona ukhetha ukondla ixesha elincinane ekuqaleni, ubisi lwebele lubunokukunceda ukukhusela umntwana wakho osanda kuzalwa kwizifo ezinjenge- diarrhea , izifo zentloko kunye nezifo zokuphefumula. Ukuba uqhubeka uncelisa isantya esidlulileyo, kunokuba kunenzuzo ngakumbi. Ukuncwina kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokuphucula isifo se-asthma, isifo sofuba, isifo sikashukela, kunye neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Inokukunceda ukuba ulahlekelwe isisindo sakho sokukhulelwa ngokukhawuleza ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko we-ovarian kunye nomhlaza webele. Akungabazeki ukuba iinzuzo zokuncelisa abantwana bobabini kunye neentsana zininzi. Kwaye, xa unqabile, uninzi kwaye luhlala luhlala ixesha elide.
Kude Kangakanani Kangakanani?
Akukho lixesha elidlulileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukunyelwa kwebele kuphelile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo wena nomntwana wakho, iingcali ziyavuma ukuba ufanele uqhubeke uncelisa ixesha elide xa ufumanisa ukuba kusebenza kuwe. Kunikezelwa ukuba uqala ukongeza ukutya okuncedisayo ekudleni komntwana wakho njengoko ekhula, ukuncelisa unako ukuqhubeka iminyaka emi-2, iminyaka emithathu, okanye ngaphezulu. Ubisi lwebele lubanikezela abantwana abadala ngokutya okongezelelweyo ngokutya okupheleleyo, okunempilo. Kananjalo iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngamagciwane kunye neempawu zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo ezinceda abantwana abadala ukuba balwe nentsholongwane, izifo kunye nokugula. Ukubeleka kuya kuqhubeka kukunceda nangona kunjalo ubude uncelise umntwana wakho. Ngoko, ekugqibeleni kuya kuwe ukucacisa ukuba ixesha elide kangakanani umntwana wakho ekhula.
Ngaba Unokubangela Ukuxhatshazwa Kwimiba Yengqondo Yengqondo KwiNtsana Ekhulile?
Abanye oomama banenkxalabo yokuba ukuncelisa umntwana omdala kungabangela umonakalo wengqondo, kodwa akukho sizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ukuncelisa umntwana omdala kubangele naziphi na iingxaki. Ngokutsho kwe-AAP, "Akukho mkhawulo ongaphezulu kwithuba lokuncelisa kwaye akukho ubungqina bengozi engqondweni okanye intuthuko ukusuka ekunceliseni kunyaka wesithathu wobomi okanye ngaphezulu."
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, ixesha elide ulibele, inzuzo enkulu kunye nexesha elide liza kuba. Ngakumbi, ukuxiliswa kwexesha elide kunxulumene nemiphumo emihle. Ezinye zeendlela oomama ezichazela ngayo abantwana babo emva kokuncelisa ixesha elide lihlala liphilile, livuya, luthando, lukhuselekile kwaye luzimeleyo.
Ukujongana Nezinye Iimbono Zabantu
Abanye abantu banemibono yabo malunga nokuba umntwana ufanele amncelise ixesha elide (okanye ukuba abantwana bafanele batyunde konke). Uya kufumana ukuba abahlobo, intsapho, kunye nabasemzini bangenakho ukuhlambalaza ngokuvakalisa ezo mpendulo, nokuba kunjalo. Kwaye ngelixa unokuphulaphula iingcebiso zabo, ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele uthabathe. Wena kunye neqabane lakho kufuneka wenze isigqibo esona sikhulu somntwana wakho kunye nosapho lwakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abahlobo kunye nosapho bafika kwiingcamango zomntwana okhulelweyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha konke okufunekayo kukufumana inkcazelo encinci malunga neenzuzo zokuqhubeka nokuncelisa okanye ukuwavumela ukuba bazi ukuba ugqirha kunye neengcali zezempilo emhlabeni wonke ziyacetyiswa. Into ebalulekileyo akuyikuvumela abanye imibono ukuba iphazamise izigqibo zakho. Musa ukuvumela umntu ukuba abe netyala xa uncelisa ilanga ixesha elide ukuba ulungele ukumisa okanye wenze ukuba uzive ngathi ufuna ukumisa unesi ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka. Mhlawumbi uya kugcina uziva ngakumbi ekugqibeleni ukuba wenza oko abanye bacinga ukuba kufanele wenze kunoko oko ufuna ukukwenza.
Ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokucoca
Ukucocwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuncelisa. Iqala xa ungeze enye indlela yokutya kwondlo lomntwana wakho. Inokuqala ngebhotile ngezihlandlo ezingama-6, okanye ngeyokuqala i-appleauce kwiinyanga ezili-6. Unokugqiba ukunqumla isifuba ngokupheleleyo okanye uqhubeke uncelisayo emva kokuba umntwana wakho eqala ukutya okuqinileyo.
Xa ulungele ukuyeka ukuncelisa, unokuqhubeka nokunika ubisi lwakho oluncinci lwebele. Ukuba uqala ukucwangcisa ukuphela kokuncelisa ukubeleka kwangangoko, unokupompa kwaye ulondoloze ubisi lwakho lwesibindi kwifriji ukusebenzisa emva kokuyeka ukubeka umntwana kwibele. Unokunika umntwana wakho ubisi lwebele ebhodleleni okanye indebe emva kokuncelisa ibele. Okanye, unako ukuqhubela phambili kumntwana wefomula okanye ubisi lweenkomo kuxhomekeke kumntwana wakho omdala xa uyeka ukuncelisa.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Ukuncelisa isisombululo somntu siqu. Unokuziva ukhululekile ukuncelisa iiveki ezimbalwa, okanye unokucwangcisa ukuncelisa iintsuku ezi-6 uze ugqibe ukuncelisa uncelise. Kwaye, uyazi ntoni? Nantoni na ophelile ukwenzayo kulungile. Xa kuziwa ekunceliseni, akukho nani elifanelekileyo okanye elingalunganga ixesha. Ngoko, qhubela phambili wenze okulungileyo kuwe nomntwana wakho. Zama ukungakhathazeki kakhulu kwaye ungaziva unetyala xa umntu esithi akuzange uncelise ixesha elide okanye unombele kakhulu. Yiba nethemba ekukhetheni kwakho kunye nolwazi lokuba unombele nje ubude obufanelekileyo besikhathi sakho, umntwana wakho kunye neemeko zakho ezikhethekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Ikholeji yase-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. I-ACOG yeKomiti yeNgxelo ayikho. 658: Ukulungiswa kweNkxaso yoNgcwazo njengengxenye yeZenzo zokuBambela. Fe bruwari 2016.
> Eidelman, AI, Schanler, RJ, Johnston, M., Landers, S., Noble, L., Szucs, K., & Viehmann, L. Inkcazo yeNkqubo. Ukuxiliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa koMlambo wabantu. > Icandelo > ngokuSondeza. Ngo-2012. Izifo zengqondo, 129 (3), e827-e841.
> Lawrence, uRuth A., MD, Lawrence, uRobert M., MD. Ukusondeza isiKhokelo seNgcaciso yezoPhicongo. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015.
> Riordan, J., kunye neWambach, K. Ukunxiliswa nokuLungiswa koLuntu lweNguqulelo yesine. UJones noBartlett Learning. 2014.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Ukuncelisa. 2017: http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/