Imilinganiselo yokufa komama, izizathu kunye nokukhusela

Amathuba okufa ekukhulelweni nasekuzalweni kwezingane eMelika kunye nehlabathi

Xa unomntwana wakho wokuqala, kuyonwaba ukucinga ngokubamba umntwana wakho okokuqala kunye nazo zonke iimeko ezimnandi oza kuzichitha kunye. Kodwa, kuya kunkwantya xa ungayazi ukuba ulindele ntoni. Abaninzi baya kuba nexhala ngokuzala , i- anesthesia , kunye neengxaki . Kuqhelekile ukuba uzibuze ngamathuba okufa.

Kodwa, ukuba uhlala kwilizwe elifana neUnited States, unokuphefumula ukukhulula.

Emazweni athuthukileyo, ekufeni ngexesha lokubeleka okanye ngenxa yokukhulelwa kunqabile, nokuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kubungozi obuphezulu. Nantsi oku kufuneka ukwazi ngezinga, izizathu, nokukhusela ukufa kwabantwana.

Yintoni Ukufa Kwemama?

Xa ibhinqa lifa nantoni na ephathelene nokukhulelwa , kuthiwa ukufa komama okanye ukufa komama. Ukufa komama kungenzeka ngelixa umfazi ekhulelwe, ngexesha lokubeleka nokuhanjiswa, okanye kwiintsuku ezingama-42 emva kokubeleka okanye ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa. Ukuba ibhinqa lidlula kwingozi okanye ingxaki yempilo engenanto enokuyenza malunga nokukhulelwa, ngoko akuthathwa njengokufa okuhlobene nokukhulelwa.

Amathuba okufa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokubeletha eMelika

Kwilizwe elinomnotho oluhle, iteknoloji yanamhlanje, kunye nokufikelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, amathuba okufa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ekuzalweni, okanye kwiintsuku kunye neveki emva kokuhambisa ziphantsi kakhulu.

Kwiindawo ezinjenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, neCanada, abaninzi abafazi banokukhulelwa okusemgangathweni kunye nokuzalwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kusekho umngcipheko wokufa komama, nakumazwe athuthukile.

Ngokutsho kwamaziko okuLawula izifo (CDC), malunga namabhinqa angama-700 ngonyaka alahlekelwa ubomi bawo kwiinkcenkceshi eziphathelele ukukhulelwa eMelika.

Amagosa ezempilo akhankanya izinga lokufa kwabazali njengokuba bangaphi abantu abasetyhini bafa ngenxa yokuzalwa kwabantu abayi-100,000. Kukho ukuzalana kwezigidi ezine kwiUnited States ngamnye ngonyaka, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwaba malunga nokufa kwe-17 ukuya kwe-28 kuwo wonke ama-100,000 azalwa ngokuzalwa. Ngoko, e-US, amathuba okufa ngenxa yokukhulelwa kakhulu malunga neepesenti ezingama-0.00028 okanye malunga ne-1 ngo-3500.

Ukufa kwabamama eMhlabeni wonke

Amanye amazwe aphuhlisiwe anamazinga afanayo kunye nokufa okubeleka komama xa kuthelekiswa ne-United States. Nangona kunjalo, akunjalo kuyo yonke indawo. Kulo lonke ihlabathi, abafazi abangaphezu kwama-300 000 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka kwiingxaki ezivela ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Apho ama-700 amabhinqa afa minyaka yonke e-US, i-World Health Organisation (WHO) ithi iingxelo ezimalunga nama-830 amabhinqa afa ngosuku ngalunye emhlabeni jikelele. Uninzi lwabafazi (99 ekhulwini) bahlala kumahlwempu, amazwe asakhulayo. Kwezinye iindawo, iingxaki zokufa ngenxa yokukhulelwa ziphakamileyo njenge-1 kwi-15. Kodwa, inyaniso ebuhlungu kukuba abaninzi balaba bafe banqandekile.

Izinto ezibangela ukufa kwabantwana abangamaMama

Njengoko ubona, apho uhlala khona kunempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yakho nentlalo njengowesifazane okhulelweyo. Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ingozi echaphazelekayo ngokukhulelwa zi:

1. Ubudala: Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-20 banamathuba amaninzi xa bekhulelwa kunabantwana abaselula okanye abadala. Amantombazana amancinci angaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-15 anethuba elikhulu kakhulu leengxaki ezinokubangela ukufa. Ubungozi bukhuphuka kunye nobudala bomama obuphezulu kwaye bunyuke njengoko abafazi bekhulelwe ekupheleni kwe-30s, okanye kwi-40s kunye ne-50s yabo.
2. Ubume bezoqoqosho: Ubuninzi abasetyhini kwiqela elincinci lentlalo lingaba nemfundo encinci, ukutya okunomsoco, kunye nemingcipheko yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Imfundo encinane ibangela ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili okanye ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle. Ukungabikho kwesondlo kunokukhokelela ekusilelekeni kwezempilo kunye nesiphumo sokukhulelwa esibi. Kwaye, ukufumana unonophelo olungcono kunokubeka abafazi besengozini yokusuleleka okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinokulawulwa kunye nokuphathwa kunyango lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okanye ngumboneleli ononophelo lwezempilo.

1. Ukungalingani ngokwesini: Kwamanye amazwe, amantombazana nabasetyhini banethuba elingaphantsi lokufumana imfundo. Bavame ukuphika imithombo yezemali kwaye abanalo nto kubomi babo kunye nokhetho lweentsapho.
2. Izixhobo ezifumanekayo: KwabaseTyhini abaninzi, ukunakekelwa kwezonyango kude kwaye kunzima ukufikelela. Ukungabikho kokunyamekela kokubeleka , ukuhambisa umntwana ngaphandle komntu onobuchule njengokuba ugqirha, umbelethisi, okanye umongikazi, kwaye kungenakho ukufumana unyango olunjengezonyango kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko zingenayo ingozi yokuphila.
3. Ibumba: Inxalenye yowamaxesha athile umfazi ekhulelwe. Amathuba okuba nengxaki ngokukhulelwa okanye iingxaki ngexesha lokubeleka ziphezulu kakhulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Iingxaki ezingaphantsi kokukhulelwa kwesibili. Kodwa, emva kokukhulelwa okungaphezulu kwemihlanu okanye ngaphezulu ukukhula kukhula kwakhona.

Izizathu zokufa koMama

EUnited States, iingxaki ezinzima zokukhulelwa kunye nokufa kwabazali abunqabile. Ngokunyamekela unyango olufanelekileyo, ezininzi zeengxaki eziza kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kunye nexesha lokugqibela emva kokubeleka lunokuphathwa okanye lukhuselwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, le miqathango iyingozi. Nazi izizathu ezibangeleyo zokufa kwabantwana.

I-Postpartum Hemorrhage
I-Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) yigazi eligqithiseleyo kunye nokulahleka kwegazi emva kokubeleka. Umnikezeli ononophelo lwempilo unako ukumisa ukuphuma kwegazi. Kodwa, ukuba unonophelo lwempilo onolwazi olufanelekileyo nolwazi alufumaneki, unina unokufa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yigazi elininzi. I-PPH inoxanduva malunga nama-27 ekhulwini kubo bonke abafayo.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-Eclampsia
Unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka kunye nokuvavanya ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha imiba efana nexinzelelo legazi eliphezulu kunye neeprotheni kumchamo. Ngonyango olungcono, oogqirha banokuyiphatha kunye nokubeka esweni i- pre-eclampsia . Kodwa, ngaphandle kokukhathalela, ingaba yingozi kwaye iholele ekufeni. Iingxaki zengxakini zijongene neepesenti eziyi-14 zokufa ezihlobene nokukhulelwa.

Sulelo
Abasetyhini banokufumana isifo ekukhutsheni isisu esingaphephile, ukuhanjiswa okungenamsebenzi, okanye umsebenzi omde kakhulu . Ukungabikho kokuqonda kunye nolwazi malunga nococeko lomntu kunye nendlela yokunyamekela umzimba emva kokubeleka nako kunokubeka umama engozini yokusuleleka. Phantse i-11 ekhulwini lokufa kwabesimama kubangelwa sisifo.

Ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa
Ukukhupha isisu kungabangela ukufa phakathi kwabasetyhini abanokukhulelwa okungalindelekanga. Kungesizathu sokuba ama-68,000 amabhinqa afe rhoqo ngonyaka. Ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa kwe-akhawunti i-8 ekhulwini yokufa kwabantwana.

Ukugqithiswa kwePulmonary
I-pulmonary embolism (PE) yigazi legazi emiphakeni. I-PE inokuphuhliswa emva kokuziswa, kwaye umngcipheko uphezulu kwinqanaba le-care. Phantse ama-3 ekhulwini lokufa kwababelethi ngenxa ye-pulmonary embolism.

Ezinye iingxaki ezizodwa
Phantse ama-10 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini bafa ngenxa yeminye imiba ehlobene nokukhulelwa. Imiqathango efana ne- placenta previa , ukukhulelwa kwe-uterine, kunye nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kunokukhokelela kwiinkathazo nokufa ngaphandle kokunyamekela nokunyango.

Ezinye Iingxaki ezingekho ngqo
Isizathu esicacileyo sokufa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo sisuka kwimeko engabandakanyekanga ngqo nokukhulelwa kodwa ikhula okanye ikhula ngakumbi xa ikhulelwe. Ukukhulelwa kunokuchaphazela iingxaki zempilo ezifana ne-HIV nesifo senhliziyo. Iimeko ezifana nesifo sikashukela kunye ne-anemia zingahlakulela okanye zenzeke ngakumbi. Le mibandela i-akhawunti malunga nama-28 ekhulwini lokufa kwabantwana.

Izizathu zokufa koMama

Isizathu sokufa	Ipesenti
Izizathu ezingabonakaliyo	27.5%
Ukunyuka kwegazi	27.1%
Uxinzelelo lwegazi	14.0%
Sulelo	10.7%
Ezinye izizathu ezizodwa	9.6%
Ukukhupha isisu	7.9%
Iingubo zegazi	3.2%

Indlela yokwenza ukukhulelwa kuphephe

Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, inani labafazi abasweleyo ngenxa yokukhulelwa nokubeletha selehlile. Ukuncipha kubangelwa:

• Imfundo yabasetyhini
• Ukwanda kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kokukhulelwa
• Unonophelo olungaphantsi kokubeleka
• Ukuzalwa okungakumbi kwizibhedlele okanye nababoneleli abanonophelo bezempilo
• Ubuninzi beentlobo ze-antibiotics, ukumpontshelwa igazi, kunye nokunyangwa kweengxaki
• Uphuhliso olujongene nokunyamekela okukhuselekileyo nokukhupha

Kodwa, kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, umsebenzi omningi kufuneka uyenze. Ukunciphisa amaxabiso okufa kwababelethi apho bahlala besetyhini abaphezulu:

LeMfundo
Abasetyhini abasetyhini (kunye namadoda) owazi ngakumbi malunga nokuzala, ukuzala , ukulawulwa kokuzalwa, kunye nemiphumo yezocwangco ezingakhuselekanga kunokukwazi ukuzikhethela ngokwabo. Ulwazi locwangciso lweentsapho lunokuthintela ukukhulelwa okungenakulungiswa kunye nokukhupha isisu esingakhuselekanga.

Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukulawulwa kweemeko ezikhoyo, kunye nokufumaneka kweenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo kunokuthintela ukufa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iinkonzo zokutya kunye neenkonzo zempilo yokuzala zibaluleke kakhulu kubantombazana nabasetyhini abaselula.

Ucoceko
Ukwazi ulwazi olufanelekileyo lwezempilo kunye nendlela yokunyamekela umzimba ungagcina amagciwane. Ukuhlambulula izandla ngokuqhelekileyo, indawo ehlambulukileyo yokuhlaziywa kokubeleka, kunye nendawo yokuhambisa ngexesha lokubeleka kunokukunceda ukunqanda usulelo.

Ukunyamekela
Ukunyamekela ngoncedo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokubeletha kunokuthintela iingxaki kwaye kukhokelela ekuzalweni okukhuselekileyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, abafazi kufuneka babe nezingane zabo indawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuba ukuhanjiswa esibhedlele, iklinikhi, okanye i-ofisi ayinakwenzeka, ke umntu onobuchule ekukhululeni abantwana kufuneka abe kwiindawo zokuhambisa ekhaya.

Ukujonga iliso
Emva kokubeleka, abafazi bayaqhubeka befuna ukunakekelwa. Ukutshekishwa kwe-Postpartum yokuphuma ngegazi okanye ukungathanga usulelo kungenza konke umehluko. Ukuphila kude neenkonzo okanye ukungakwazi ukuzinceda kunokuthintela umfazi ukuba azuze ulwazi olufunekayo ukuba alukhathalele emva kokuzalwa okanye ukufumana i-antibiotics yokulondoloza ubomi kunye nengqwalasela engemva kwayo.

Amathuba okufa ngexesha leCesarean Section

Kwamazwe athuthukileyo, ithuba lokufa kwinqanaba le-laarean lisaqabile , kodwa lincinci ngaphezu kokuziswa kwesisu. Uphononongo kwi- American Journal ye-Obstetrics kunye ne-Gynecology yabona ukuba ukufa kwababelethi kungama-2.2 kwi-100,000 ngamacandelo-c kunye no-0.2 kwi-100,000 yokuzalwa kwabafazi. Isizathu sokuba icandelo le-laarean linomlinganiselo ophezulu kukuba utyando, kwaye utyando lunobungozi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa icandelo le-c likhethwa kwaye lenziwa ngaphandle kweemfuno zonyango, ingozi iphezulu kunokuba kuhanjiswe ngokubeleka kwamanzi.

Iingxaki ezivela kwicandelo le-c ezikhokelela ekufeni kubantwana ziquka:

• Sulelo
• Amacwecwe egazi
• Impendulo yeAnesthesia
• Ukulahleka kwegazi
• Ukulimala kwamanye amalungu ngexesha lotyando

Kodwa, gcinani engqondweni ukuba ii-c-candelo zigcina ubomi, nazo. Kukho amaxesha apho icandelo le-c likhethekileyo. Xa kuyimfuneko, i-cearean inokunciphisa amathuba okufa komama kunye nokufa kwe-neonatal kunye nokubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo.

Igama elivela kwi-Verywell

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kwakuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa, namhlanje, kukhululeke kakhulu ukuba nomntwana. Ukuba ufumana unonophelo lwangaphambi kokubeleka, yidle kakuhle, yenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lokuphila , kwaye ube nomsebenzi wezempilo onolwazi ekunikezeni kwakho, amathuba okuba ukhulelwe ngokubeleka kunye nokuzalwa kukuhle kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi abafazi baqhubeka bejamelene neemeko ezinzima zokukhulelwa nokuzala. Njengabanye abafazi abaninzi, banamathemba afanayo kunye nokwesaba ngokuba nomntwana. Ngelishwa, ukwesaba kwabo kusekelwe kakuhle. Kodwa, kunjalo nethemba labo.

Imibutho yempilo yabantwana kunye nabantwana njenge-WHO, i-USAID, i-UNICEF, i-UNFPA kunye nabanye abaninzi bazisa ulwazi kule ngxaki. Bahlakulela iinkqubo zokunceda ukulwa nokufa kwabantwana kunye nokwenza ikusasa libe ngcono kubo bonke abafazi. Ukuba ungathanda ukubandakanyeka, unokufuna amathuba okunceda abo bahluphekileyo kuluntu lwakho okanye wenze umehluko ngokubolekisa inkxaso kwimibutho efana nalaba bazama ukuzisa imfundo yokugcina impilo, amayeza kunye nokunyamekela kwabasetyhini malunga Umhlaba.

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> Creanga AA, Berg CJ, Ko JY, Farr SL, Tong VT, Bruce FC, Callaghan WM. Ukufa komama kunye nokuxhatshazwa eMelika: apho siphi na? . Umbhalo weMpilo yabasetyhini. 2014 Jan 1; 23 (1): 3-9.

> Kassebaum NJ, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Dandona L, Gething PW, Hay SI, Kinfu Y, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lim SS, Lopez AD. Imilinganiselo ye-Global, yesithili, neyesizwe yokufa komama, ngo-1990-2015: uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwe-Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016 Oktobha 8; 388 (10053): 1775-812.

> Lo JO, uMbutho JF, uCaughey AB. Isifo esixinzelelekileyo sokukhulelwa kunye nokufa komama. I-Opinion yamanje kwi-Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013 uMbhi 1; 25 (2): 124-32.

> I-World Health Organization, i-Unicef. Imilinganiselo yokufa komama: 1990-2015: uqikelelo oluvela kwi-WHO, i-UNICEF, i-UNFPA, i-World Bank Group kunye neCandelo loLuntu lweZizwe eziManyeneyo. 2015.