Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezisandul
Xa umntwana wakho echitha iiveki ezi-2, unokuziva ushiye ezinye zeengxaki zakho emva. Imisebenzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kungabonakala ngathi yimbali yasendulo, kwaye unqobile ezinye iinkxalabo zokuqala malunga nokuba uya kudla, ukulala okanye ukuguqula. Ngexesha elifanayo, mhlawumbi unomuva okhuselekileyo wengane yakho kunokuba wawucinga ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe.
Yintoni oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga ne-2 yakho yeveki ubudala, kwaye yiziphi iimeko onokujamelana nazo ngokutya kwakhe, ukukhula kunye nokhuseleko?
Isondlo esisanda kuzalwa
Ingane yakho iya kufumana isondlo sayo kubisi lwebele okanye i-formula echanekileyo yentsana kuze kube yimizuzu emine ukuya ezintandathu ubudala. Akukho mfuneko yokuncedisa ngamanzi , ijusi , okanye ukotya ngeli xesha. Mhlawumbi uya kudla iiyure ezimbini ukuya kweyesithandathu kwaye, ukuba ukutya okufunekayo kunye nokulandelelana kwengane yakho, khumbula ukuba akuzona zonke izikhalazo "ukukhala indlala" kwaye kufuneka ubeke imida ethile (umzekelo, ungamvumeli ukuba ukondla ngeyure). Ukuba awunayo, uya kufumana ukuba, ngokungafani nabantu abadala abadla ngokutya, ubuninzi bangabuya baze bafumane umhlaba kwindawo yakho. Nokuba ubuthongo obuncinane obufumeneyo buya kuncipha ngakumbi.
Uninzi lweentsana zokuncelisa ziza kudla imizuzu eyi-10-15 kwisinye ngasinye (nangona ungafaneleki ixesha lakho lokuncedisa) zonke ii-1/2 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-3, kwaye iintsana zokuncelisa ibhotile ziza kuthatha ii-ounces 2-3 nganye iiyure ezingama-2-4.
Ngeveki ezi-4-8, umntwana wakho uya kuba seshedyuli eqikelelweyo.
Usana lwakho olutsha luya kuchitha ixesha elininzi lilele okanye lidle. Ekuqaleni, vusa umntwana wakho ukuba anike ukutya xa elele iminyaka engaphezu kwezine ukuya kweyure. Kamva, ukuba uzuza isisindo kakuhle, ungamvumela ukuba alele ekude nje.
Khumbula ukuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa kufuneka atyathele malunga nama-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ngeentsuku. Mhlawumbi akayi kulala ubusuku kuze kube yinyanga emithathu ukuya kweyine ubudala.
Izondlo zokukhusela ukukhupha zinika umntwana oncelisayo ngaphambi kokuba abe neveki ezi-4 ukuya kwe-6 ubudala, ukubeka ibhotile ebhedeni okanye ukuxhoma ibhotile ngexesha lokutya, ukubeka ukutya kwibhotile, ukunyusa ubusi , ukuzisa isilidi phambi kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6, okanye iibhotile zokufudumala kwi-microwave.
Kwakhona, gweba ukusebenzisa iifomula ezisezantsi, ezingenasondlo ukufumana iimfuno zentsana ekhulayo. Iifomula zentsimbi ephantsi ayinalo isinyithi esaneleyo kwaye izakubeka umntwana wakho engozini yokuphucula i-anemia ye-iron (engenakunxulumene kakhulu nokukhula kakubi nophuhliso kunye nokukhubazeka kokufunda). Iifomula ezichitshiweyo zensimbi azibangeli i-colic, ukuqotshwa okanye i-acid reflux kwaye akufanele uguqule kwi-formula encinci ye-iron xa umntwana wakho enezinye zezi ngxaki.
Ngaphandle kobisi lwebele okanye ifomula, enye inkxaso ebalulekileyo kwiintsana ezininzi i-vitamin D. Sifundile kwiminyaka yamuva ukuba ukungabikho kwe-vitamin D kunokubangela ubuninzi beengxaki, kunye neziphene (imeko ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-vitamin D) ngokwenene iyanda.
Iintsana ezininzi azifumani ngokwaneleyo i-vitamin D. Kunconywa ukuba zonke iintsana ezincelisayo ziwanikezele isongezelelo se-vitamin D 400 IU imihla ngemihla, ziqale iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Iintsana ezondliwa nge-formula ye-vitamin D-eqinile kodwa zingadli ubuncinane ii-ounces ezingama-32 zemihla ngemihla nazo kufuneka zithole isongezelelo se-vitamin D 400 IU nsuku zonke.
Ezinye zeemfuno eziqhelekileyo zokutya okunokuthi ungabhekana nazo ngeli xesha ziquka ukwazi indlela yokupompoza kakuhle kunye nokugcina ubisi lwebele , kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze ufumane umntwana osweleyo ofuna ukunyusa rhoqo.
Ukukhula koNtsapho kunye nophuhliso
Umntwana wakho oneminyaka eli-2 ubudala uya kuphinda abuye aphinde aphinde aphinde ahlawule isisindo alahlekelwe ngayo kwiveki yokuqala.
Kule minyaka, unokulindela ukuba umntwana wakho abuke ubuso bakho, qhayisa ngeezwi elikhulu, pha kamisa intloko, uze uqale ukumomotheka ngokukhawuleza. Unokuqala ukuqonda izinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nezandi. Ezi mpendulo zibhekiselwe "njengezakhono zokuphuhliswa ," kwaye isifo sakho sezingane sizakukubuza xa umntwana wakho ehlekisayo kwaye xa ehleka kuqala (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweiveki ezi-6 neye-12.)
Ukuba usebenzisa i- pacifier , zama kwaye uyeke ukusetyenziswa kwayo xa umntwana wakho ubonakala efuna ukuziphatha okuzithuthuzayo. Gwema ukuyisebenzisa rhoqo xa usana lwakho lomsindo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungele ukubamba kwaye ubambe umntwana wakho ukuba amduduze xa ekhala) kwaye ukhuselekile, sebenzisa i-pacifier yecandelo elilodwa lorhwebo kwaye ungalixhoma entanyeni yentlungu yakho.
Khumbula ukuba zonke iintsana zihlukile kwaye zineempawu ezahlukileyo. Ezinye zizolile kwaye zizolile, ngoxa ezinye zikhuthele kwaye ezinye zibuhlungu kwaye zithinteka kalula (kwaye zingadinga imimandla encinci yokuvuselela ukuhlala ihlalile). Zama kwaye ugcine iintsana zakho zikhumbule ngengqondo njengoko usabela kwiimfuno zakhe.
Ukhuseleko olutsha
Iingozi ziyintloko ebangela ukufa kwabantwana. Uninzi lwabafileyo luyakuthintela lula kwaye ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingqondo yengqondo yakho yengqondo ngamaxesha onke. Nazi ezinye izicwangciso zokugcina umntwana wakho onamaviki amabini aphephile:
- Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wokugqibela weemoto , kufuneka usebenzise isantya esibhekene nesantya okanye isihlalo sokunakekelwa kwe-convertible, kwaye uyibeke kwisihlalo sokugqibela kude kube umntwana wakho eneminyaka emibini ubudala okanye uvalele umlinganiselo ojongene nobunzima okanye umda wokuphakama. Ungaze ubeke umntwana wakho esihlalweni sangaphambili semoto kunye nomoya womoya ohamba naye.
- Qinisekisa ukuba isikhala sakho somntwana sikhuselekile: ungabi ngaphezu kwama-2 3/8 intshi ephakathi kwemivalo; i-mattress imele ibe yomelele kwaye ihambelane ngokukhawuleza kwisibhedlele; uyibeke kude kwiifestile kunye neempendulo; kwaye ugweme ukubeka iingubo eziphazamisayo, izilwanyana ezigxiliweyo, okanye imithwalo ekhutsheni njengoko zinokubangela ukugubha.
- Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye ezisezantsi, ezifana nezihlalo zeemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo , abahambahambayo, kunye nezikhalazo azikhunjulwa ngezizathu zokuphepha. Biza umenzi okanye iKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi ukuhlawula uluhlu lwemveliso ekhunjulwayo.
- Beka iqondo lokushisa lakho lokufudumala kwamanzi ukuya kuma-degrees angama-120 ukukhusela ukutshisa.
- Ukuthintela ukukhahlela, ungashiyi izinto ezincinci okanye iiplastiki ezingenayo ukufikelela kwintsana yakho.
- Ukubuyela Ukulala : faka umntwana wakho alale emhlane wakhe ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-infant disease syndrome (SIDS) kwaye ungalokothi umbeke phantsi yedwa ebhodini lamanzi, i-beanbag, okanye iingubo ezithambileyo ezinokubamba ubuso bakhe kwaye zibangele.
- Ukuthintela ukuwa ngokungashiyi umntwana wakho kuphela embhedeni okanye kutshintsha itafile.
- Faka i-smoke kunye ne- carbon monoxide-detectors kwaye usebenzise iingubo zokulala ezingalawulekiyo.
- Landela isinyathelo sethu ngesinyathelo sendlela ekukhuseleni abantwana ekhaya , uqaphele ukufihla ingozi .
- Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho akhulile kwaye isistim somzimba sakhe sisigxina, mhlawumbi ingumzekelo omuhle ukumgcina kumaqela amakhulu abantu okanye abanye abantwana abagulayo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukutyhila kwakhe kwiintsholongwane.
- Yazi izibonakaliso neempawu zokugula kwabantwana: umkhuhlane (biza udokotela wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntwana wakho unesiphelo okanye ngaphezulu kwe-100.4 ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-2-3 ubudala), ukunciphisa ukutya, ukuhlanza, ukunyanzeliswa, nokunyaniseka, okanye ukuva njengomzali ukuba into engalunganga.
- Yazi inamba kwaye nini ukubiza ulawulo lweetyhefu ngaphambi kokubiza oogqirha bakho.
Ukuthatha umntwana wakho kwiDokotela
Kwakuqhele ukuba ininzi intsana ikhutshwe kwii-nursery kwaye ayizange ibone oonyana babo de kubekho iiveki ezimbini ubudala, kodwa loo ngcebiso ishintshile kule minyaka.
Nangona kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba umntwana wakho wayesebenzela i- jaundiced xa ebuyela ekhaya, ukuba wayenomdla kangakanani, kwaye ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yonyango, i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics icebisa ukuba iintsana mazibonwe ngumongikazi okanye ugqirha phakathi kweminyaka lweentsuku ezi-3 kunye neentsuku ezi-5. Ingane yakho iya kuba nokuhlolwa xa iiveki ezimbini ubudala.
Ngeveki ezimbini ukuhlola, unokulindela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlole ubunzima bomntwana wakho, ukuphakama kunye nekhanda lakhe kwentloko kwaye ubuyekeze ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwakhe. Uvavanyo olutsha olusandulwayo luvame ukuphindaphinda kwaye unokufumana ukugonya kokuqala kwe-Hepatitis B (ngaphandle kokuba sele kunikwe i-nursery). Unokuva ezinye zeengxabano malunga nokugonywa kwaye kunceda ukufunda ngeengcamango ezigcina abanye abantu ukuba batyelele abantwana babo .
Kuza kukhangela ngokulandelayo isifo sakho sezingane kuya kuba xa usana lwakho luneenyanga ezimbini ubudala (nangona abanye oogqirha bancomela ukutyelela kwiiveki ezine ubudala) okanye ngaphambili xa unenkxalabo.
Iingxaki ezisandul 'ukuzalwa
Kukho iinkalo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- I-jaundice: I- jaundice yintsholongwane yolusu eyenzeka malunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke iintsana. Ngokuqhelekileyo iphathwa ngokutya rhoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibane ze-bilirubin kwiimeko ezinzima. Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukuxelela ukuba unyango luyimfuneko ngokuhlola umntwana wakho kunye / okanye ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuba umntwana wakho uluhlaza ebusweni bakhe kunye nesinye saso esifubeni, unokucelwa ukuba umbeke phambi kwefestile imizuzu elineshumi ukuya kwishumi elinesibini ukuya kwimizuzu engama-4 ngosuku, nangona iingcali ezininzi zithi le nto ayimfuneko. Ukuba ucelwa ukuba wenze oku, qiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho akashushu okanye ushushu kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwelanga (kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukuba kuluhlaza) kunceda ukuguqula i-bilirubin eyenza ulusu lwakhe lube linye into engadlula emcinini. Kwezinye iimeko zegazi ezingahambelaniyo, umntwana wakho unokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye ufune unyango olungakumbi.
- Ukutyunjwa: Ukubanjwa kwintsana kuthethwa njengesigxina sezinto ezinzima, ezinjenge-pellet ezinokubangela intlungu okanye ukuphaphaza (ukugubungela okanye ukuxhatshaza kuqhelekileyo) kwaye akunjalo kangangoko intsana yakho inokunyakaza kwintsholongwane intshukumo nganye ngeveki emva kokuba babe-1 ukuya kweenyanga ezimbini ubudala). Ulwaphulo lokuqala lunikela ngamanzi ama-2 ukuya kuma-4 ama-ounces yamanzi okanye i-juice ehlanjululwayo yelungwini kanye okanye kabini ngemini okanye ngokutshintshela kwindlela yokwakheka kwesoya. Kuyinto engavamile ukuba iintsana zizaliswe, kunjalo, ngoko kubiza udokotela wakho wezilwanyana ukuba umntwana wakho akanako ukunyakaza okuqhelekileyo.
- I-Stuffy I-Eose / I-Sneezing: Iimpumlo eziphambili okanye ukukrazula ziqhelekileyo kwiintsana kwaye zivame ukubangelwa ukucaphuka komoya omile, umsi, okanye uthuli. Zama ukuphelisa ukucasuka okuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwikhaya lakho. Unokuzama ukusebenzisa i-humidifier okanye amaconsi eminzini yamaphempo xa umntwana wakho engabonakali.
- Thrush: Ukutshitshiswa kufunyaniswa ngokuba nobukho beempawu ezimhlophe ezigubungela ngaphakathi kweentsana zakho nolwimi olungenakupheliswa lula. Yibangelwa sisifo somvu wesisu esilula kakhulu kwaye sichithwa kalula kunye neyeza elibizwa ngokuba nguNystatin okanye i-Fluconazole.
- Ukuqhaqeka kwesibatho: Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqho, i- baby acne , kunye nekhanda eliqhekezayo eliza kuluhlalisa ngaphandle kwonyango.
- Ikhumba elomileyo: Ikhumba elomileyo liqhelekile kwiintsana, kodwa ungasebenzisa isepha esilula kunye nesikhumbisi sinye okanye kabini ngosuku ukuba unqwenela.
- Ukuhlambalaza: Iintsana ezininzi ziyahluma ( reflux ) emva kokutya ngenxa yokugqithisa okanye ngenxa yokuba ivalve evala ingxenyeni ephezulu yesisu isifile. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukhathazeki xa umntwana wakho ekhula kwaye akayikukhwehlela. Amanye amanyathelo okufuneka athathe ukuze kuphuculwe le ngxaki inika imali encinci, i-burping ephindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokutya, ukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa kwisisu, okanye ukunciphisa umsebenzi onamandla emva kokutya. I-reflux iphucula ngokudala, kaninzi ngaphandle kokonyango.
- Amehlo Emanzi: Amehlo enamanzi kwiintsana ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yindlela yokukhuba ikhubekileyo kwaye akukhathazeki ukuba ngaphandle kokuba amehlo akhosuleleke (vumela udokotela wezilwanyana ukuba azikwazi ukunika i-antibiotitic eye drops). iinyanga ezili-12 ubudala.
- I-diaper i-rashes : i- diaper i-rashes iqhelekileyo kwaye idla ngokucacileyo kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwi-4 kunye ne- cream e-rash cream . Ukuba ayiyikucima okanye ibomvu kwaye ijikelezwe ngamachashazi abomvu, umntwana wakho unokufumana isifo sovuba kwaye uya kufuna i-cream yokufakelwa ukusikhupha. Imfucuza ye-diaper inokuthintela ukutshintshwa kwe-diaper rhoqo, ukwandisa ukukhanya kwemoya ngokugcina i-diaper kude kakhulu, kwaye usebenzisa isepha esilula nje emva kokuhamba kwezilwanyana (supha ngamanzi afudumele ngamanye amaxesha).
- Izifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu : Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula ziqhelekileyo kwaye ziquka iimpawu ezicacileyo okanye impumlo eluhlaza kunye nokukhwehlela. Zivame ukubangelwa zizifo ezibandayo kwaye zizinto ezinqabileyo zithi ziyi-antibiotiki ezifunekayo (kuphela iintsana ezihlakulela intsholongwane yesibini yebhaktheriya.) Unyango olungcono lokusebenzisa amaconsi emanzini eselwandle kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwebhula ukuze kugcinwe impumlo. Biza udokotela wezilwanyana ukuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ophezulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula okanye ukuphucula kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwi-10
Ngaphantsi kwento omele uyenze malunga ne-2-Iveki elidala umntwana
Umntwana wakho oneminyaka engama-2 ubudala sele sele sele ephakathi kunye nolonwabo lobomi bakho. Ukuthatha ixesha ukuziqonda ngesondlo sokuzalwa, ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso, ukhuseleko lwabantwana kunye nokugula kwabantwana ngokuqhelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomntwana wakho nokunciphisa ukuxhalabisa okuza kubakho ubomi obutsha kuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kuwe indlela. Oko sikushiye ngasentla ngumyalezo ukuzonwabisa nale mizuzu. Kule ndawo unokuba mhlawumbe (ngaphantsi?) Ulala ubanjwe kwaye uzibuza ukuba wenzeni ixesha lakho ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe. Khumbula ukuthatha isikhashana ukuthula kwaye ujabulele ubukho bobubomi obutsha obuxabisekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Kliegman, uRobert M., uBonita Stanton, uSt Geme III uJoseph W., uNine Felice. Schor, uRichard E. Behrman, kunye noWaldo E. Nelson. Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20 Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.