Iimvumba zihlobo olusisigxina semifuno olungabandakanyi inyama, intlanzi, amaqanda, ubisi kunye nezinye iimveliso zezilwanyana ekudleni kwazo .
Umzali onomyinge ongumntu omdlayo (udla yonke into) udla ngokunyanga xa umntwana wakhe ethatha isigqibo sokuba yi-vegan okanye olunye uhlobo lwezityalo zemifuno, efuna ukuba abantwana babo bathethe umntwana wabo.
Ngaba umntwana wabo uya kufumana amavithamini kunye neekhalori eziba yi-vegan?
Ngaba abantwana abafanele batye inyama ukuze bafumane iprotheni eyaneleyo kunye nentsimbi ekudleni kwabo?
Ngethamsanqa, ekubeni isifo sakho sezingane sinobunzima ukuthetha nentombazana yakho kulezi zicwangciso zokutya xa ezama, ukutya okunomsoco kunokuba nempilo kubantwana abaninzi.
Izinzuzo zezeMpilo zeZilwanyana zokutya
Nangona kungenjalo kubo bonke abantu, ukutya okunomdla we-vegan kunenzuzo eninzi yezempilo, kwaye ukuba ihleli kakuhle, ingaba ukutya okunempilo kubantwana. Abazali, ingakumbi ukuba ziimvumba, banokuziva baziqinisekisile ukuba banako ukukhulisa abantwana babo ukuba babe zizivenge.
Omnye akufanele ahambe ngapha nangapha xa ekhuluma ngeentlobo zezempilo ezingenokuba yi-vegan, nangona kunjalo. Umzekelo:
- Abantwana abakhuliswa ngesidlo se-vegan abagulanga ngaphantsi kwezinye iintsana.
- Ukutya okungekho kwemifuno ayigcwele izitshizi kunye neertictic.
- Akukho konke ukutya okunemifuno okunempilo, ezinye ziphezulu kwishukela, i- fat fatated, okanye i-cholesterol.
Ukutya okuyingxenye yesondlo se-vegan ngokuphantsi kwe-cholesterol kunye namafutha azalisiweyo kwaye ziphezulu kwi-fiber (zonke iimpawu zokutya okunempilo) kwaye zingakhokelela kwingcipheko ephantsi yokukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nohlobo lwe-II iswekile.
Iimvumi zivame ukuba nazo ii-BMIs ezisezantsi kunezidlo.
Ezi nzuzo zezempilo zikhokelela uDkt. Benjamin Spock, emva kowe-1998, ukucebisa ukutya okusemthethweni kwe-vegan kubo bonke abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-2.
Incwadi yokugqibela yeencwadi zakhe zokuzalwa zabazali, "Ukunakekelwa kwabantwana kunye nokuNakekelwa kwabantwana," eshicilelwe kungekudala emva kokufa kwakhe, icebisa ukuba abantwana akufanele banikwe imveliso yobisi emva kokuba baneminyaka emibili ubudala kwaye "banokufumana ininzi yeprotheni kunye nentsimbi imifuno, ubhontshisi kunye nezinye ukutya okutyala ezikhusela amanqatha kunye ne-cholesterol ezisezilwanyana. "
Isiphakamiso sikaDkt. Spock sakha iingxabano ezininzi, kodwa kungekhona ngenxa yokuba iingcali ziphikisana neenzuzo zempilo zesondlo se-vegan, kodwa kunokuba babecinga ukuba abazali abanako ukuthatha ixesha elaneleyo kunye nokuzama ukulungiselela ukutya okunomdla we-vegan okubandakanya iikhalori ezaneleyo, amaminerali kunye izondlo ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuphezulu kubantwana babo.
Kwaye babecinga ukuba abantwana baya kunzima emva kokutya, ngakumbi xa ucinga ukuba abaninzi abazali sele benzima ukufumana abantwana ukuba badle izityalo kunye nemifuno eyaneleyo.
Xa ukhangela amanqaku amvanje, ngaba kuphela ama-5% abantu abadliwayo kunye nesigamu sazo bantu banomdla. Kwaye uninzi lwabantu abanezityalo kunye nemifuno, i-70 ukuya kwi-86% ngokulandelanayo, ekugqibeleni ibuyela emva kwaye ibuyele ekudleni inyama.
Ukuxhalabisa malunga nokutya kweVingan
Ekubeni abantwana abaninzi banokuba sele befuna ukutya , ukukhawulela ukhetho lwabo nangakumbi kungenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zondlo ngokutya kwe-vegan. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiintsana kunye nabantwana.
Kweminye imimandla ekufuneka uyihlawule ngokukhethekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho usekudleni kwe-vegan kubandakanya:
- IVithamini B12 . Le vithamini isuka kuphela kwimveliso yezilwanyana, ngoko ke umntwana wakho uya kufuneka athathe izongezo okanye adle ukutya okuqinisekisiwe nge-vitamin B12 (ebizwa ngokuba yi-cobalamin), kubandakanywa ubisi lwe-soy oqingqiweyo, isitshalo esineqingqiweyo kunye nezinye izikhundla zenyama (funda iibhile zokutya). Imvubelo yesondlo yindlela enye yokufumana i-vitamin B12 eyongezelelweyo ekudleni komntwana wakho.
- I-Omega-3 fatty acids . Le yimizimba ebalulekileyo ukuba imizimba yethu ifumaneke kwiidlo zethu kwaye iphakathi kweoli yeentlanzi . Unako ukufumana ezinye iifuni zityalo, ngaphezu kweso lobisi lwe-soy eqinekileyo, okusanhlamvu okuqiniweyo, imifino emnyama kunye namantongomane.
- Intsimbi . Uninzi lwabazali bayaqaphela ukuba inyama yindawo efanelekileyo yesinyithi. Ngenye indlela abantwana abanokufumana isinyithi ekudleni kwabo? Ukongeza kokutya kwesinyithi kunye nesongezelelo, izityalo zifumana isinyithi kubhontshisi, imifino, i-tofu, imifuno, izithelo ezomileyo kunye nezinye izityebi ezinesityebi . Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kunzima ukuba umzimba uthathe i-iron nonheme efunyenwe kwiziqhamo, imifuno kunye neenhlamvu, ngaphezu kwesinyithi se-heme esifumaneka kwizilwanyana ezibomvu, iinkukhu kunye nentlanzi.
- Vitamin D. Le vitamin ikhona kubisi oluqiniweyo, izikhuni zeqanda kunye nentlanzi. Umzimba wakho wenza kwakhona i-vitamin D xa ibonakala kwintsuku, kodwa loo mthombo awukho othembekileyo, njengokuba abantwana kufuneka basebenzise isikrini selanga esithintela le nkqubo.
- ICalcium . Ukutya kunye nokutya okunotye kwi-calcium ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla kuyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni amathambo anamandla. Kwakhona yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-osteoporosis kubantu abadala. Imifuno eninzi iqulethe i-calcium, ingakumbi i-broccoli, iitapatata, iimbotyi ezinkulu ezisenyakatho kunye nama-navy kunye nemifuno enamagqabi. Unokunika umntwana wakho ubisi lwe-soy okanye i-orange juice enqatyisiweyo nge-calcium eyongezelelweyo.
- Zinc . Umntwana wakho unokudinga ukuthatha izongezo okanye ukutya ukutya okuqinisekisiwe nge-zinc ukufumana okwaneleyo kule maminerali ebalulekileyo ekubeni imithombo engcono kakhulu ye-zinc yinyama ne yogurt. I-Zinc ifunyenwe kwi- grains epheleleyo , irayisi e-brown, i-legumes, nesipinashi.
- Calories . Isidlo seVingan sinokuba neekhalori ezimbalwa kunokutya okubandakanya inyama kunye nemveliso yobisi, kodwa kumntwana osemyingeni, into enokuba yinto enhle kule mini yezinga eliphezulu eliphezulu lokunyamezela komntwana. Nangona akudingekile ukubala iikhalori ngosuku ngalunye, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana iikhalori ezaneleyo zokukhula kwazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba umntwana wakho udla ukutya okunokulinganisela kunye nohlobo lwe-vegan, uzuza isisindo kwaye ukhula ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye usebenza, ngamandla amaninzi, mhlawumbi unokufumana iikhalori ezaneleyo.
- Iprotheni . Unokuqiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana iiprotheyini ezaneleyo kunye nama-amino acids ngokutya ukutya okusemgangathweni kwembewu epheleleyo, izityalo (ubhontshisi kunye neeperesi), iisuthi kunye nemveliso ye-soy.
- Ifayile . Iimvumi zivame ukuba zixubushe njengengxube yondlo ngenxa yokuba imifuno eluhlaza iluhlaza, kodwa ekubeni ukungabi nantwini kungakwazi ukufihla impawu zokunqongophala kwe-vitamin B12, kubalulekile ukufumana okwaneleyo. I-folate inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya, ezibandakanya ijusi le-orange, isonka, i-cereal, kunye ne-pasta.
- Iodine . Imithombo yemvelo ye- iodine ingabandakanya ivenkile yezilwanyana zasemanzini, i-shellfish, kunye nolwandle, kodwa abaninzi abantu bafumana i-iodine yabo ityuwa eline-iodised. Ezinye imithombo yokutya zibandakanya ezo zichongiwe ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-iodine okanye ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kokutya kwezilwanyana (i-meat and milk products). Nangona izityalo zingenakufumana i-iodine ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo zokutya zaselwandle kunye ne-shellfish kunye nezinye ukutya eziqingqiweyo, nje ngokuba zingatshintshi kwiityuwa ezingenalo i-iodidi (amaninzi amanxweme oLwandle lweTyuwa kunye neKosher Salt)
Sekunjalo, ngenxa yokuba kunokuba kunzima ukulandela ukutya kwe-vegan kunokuba nje utyise iintsana ezishushu, izinkukhu zeenkukhu kunye nokunye ukutya okunomntwana akuthethi ukuba awufanele uyenze. Ukubonelela abantwana ngokutya okucetywayo okungekho okungenakulungelelaniso akukhona lula.
Ezinye iintlobo zeZidlo zokutya
Ukongezelela ekubeni yi-vegan, ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bazama ezinye iintlobo zemfuyo yokutya, kuquka:
- ovo-izityalo - zitya amaqanda
- i-lacto-vegetarianism - udle iimveliso zobisi
- i-ovo-lacto i-vegetarianism - idla amaqanda, iimveliso zobisi kunye nobusi
- i-vegetarianism - ungadla intlanzi okanye inkukhu, njl.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukutya okuncinci owenzayo, kuya kuba lula ukulandela nokucwangcisa ukutya komntwana wakho.
Yintoni Okumele Uyazi Ngokukhuphula I-Vegetarian
Ezinye izinto ezaziyo malunga nokukhulisa umntwana wezilwanyana ziquka ukuba:
- Akunabo bonke abathintela ubisi lweenkomo baqinisekiswe nge-vitamin B12.
- Ukuba yimifuno akuthethi ukuba kufuneka udle ukutya okuphilayo kuphela . I-AAP ithi "Akukho bubungqina obuchanekileyo bokungqubana komzimba phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo."
- Ukuba unqanda ukunyamezela intsana yakho yemfuyo ngaphambi kokuba iinyanga ezili-12 ubudala, ziguqule kwi-formula ye-soy ene-iron. Emva kweenyanga ezili-12, ukuba ungabincelisi umncinci wakho wezityalo, banako ukusela isisombululo se-soy okanye enye inxalenye yobisi lweenkomo, ezifana ne-vitamin ene-almond, i-hemp, ilayisi okanye ubisi lwe-soy.
- Njengabantu abadala, intsha ingaba yimifuno yempilo, yokuziphatha okanye yezenkolo. Abanye abatsha banomdla wokutya, nangona kunjalo, abanye bakwenza ukufihla ingxaki yokutya.
- Kukho ukutya okuninzi okuqhotyoshelweyo okukhoyo kwivenkile yokutya okwenza kube lula ukukhulisa umntwana wezilwanyana kunokuba xa uDkt. Spock eqale enze isiluleko sakhe.
- Umfundi we-dietician obhalisiweyo unokukunceda uceba isondlo sakho somntwana wezityalo, enokuba yinto engcono kakhulu ukuba ukhulisa umntwana okanye umntwana omncinci.
Yaye ukhumbule ukuba i-American Dietetic Association ithi "izidlo ezidalwa ngokufanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo ezidliwayo zifanelekile kubantu ngabanye kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wobomi, kuquka ukukhulelwa, i-lactation, intsana, ubuntwaneni, kunye nentsha."
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Clinical Report. Ukutya kwe-Organic: IzeMpilo kunye neZingqongileyo neziNzuzo. Izifo zengqondo Vol. 130 No. 5 Novemba 1, 2012 iphe. E1406-e1415.
I-American Dietetic Association. Iidlo zokutya. Umqulu 109, iNqaku 7, iphepha 1266-1282 (Julayi 2009).
UAsher, K. Ukufundiswa kwezidlo kunye neengqungquthela zangaphambili kunye neengqungquthela: Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. I-Olympia, WA: iFaunalytics.
Carvalho, uNorman. Ukunqongophala okunzulu kweZondlo kwiNtshayelelo efumaneka kwiMpilo yokuNyuka kweMpilo. Izifo zengqondo Vol. 107 No. 4 Epreli 1, 2001. iphe. E46
Renda, uMeredith MD. Ukutya kweVermarian kwi-Children kunye ne-Adolescents. Pediatr. Umhla 2009; 30: e1-e8.